原发性开角型青光眼是常见的致盲性眼部疾病。 眼压升高是原发性开角型青光眼发生和发展最主要的危险因素, 是由小梁网途径的房水外流排出系统发生病变、 房水流出阻力增加所致。 研究表明, 房水中存在的转化生长因子-β能够使小梁细胞纤维化, 诱导小梁细胞过度增殖, 从而阻碍房水外流, 导致原发性开角型青光眼的发生。 原发性开角型青光眼发病隐蔽, 病程进展缓慢, 早期没有任何症状, 往往到晚期视力视野有显著损害时, 才会被发现, 因此原发性开角型青光眼的早期诊断尤为重要。 同步辐射红外显微成像结合高亮度、 高分辨率的同步辐射源, 同时配备傅里叶变换红外光谱仪与红外显微镜, 可以实现细胞的检测。 这对从分子层面获取细胞的变化信息, 深入理解疾病的发病机制以及疾病的早期诊断具有非常重要的意义。 虽然有很多红外光谱在生物医学领域的研究报道, 但是应用红外光谱显微成像技术研究细胞等生物医学体系仍然是亟待发展的领域, 并且目前未找到关于红外光谱用于小梁网细胞的检测报道。 在体外用转化生长因子-β对老鼠小梁网细胞进行诱导, 使其转化为肌成纤维细胞, 模拟小梁细胞纤维化过程。 对小梁网细胞以及经转化生长因子-β诱导形成的肌成纤维细胞进行同步辐射红外显微成像及光谱分析, 并进一步探讨同步辐射用于早期诊断原发性开角型青光眼的可行性。 研究表明肌成纤维细胞内的弹性蛋白明显高于小梁网细胞, 而弹性蛋白中95%为非极性氨基酸, 即氨基酸的侧链基团R基只有C和H两种元素。 对比两种细胞的红外谱图, 发现在2 934, 2 900和2 845 cm^-1, 肌成纤维细胞的 CH₃, CH₂和CH的伸缩振动明显强于小梁网细胞, 推测可能是由于转化生长因子-β诱导后细胞内弹性蛋白增加所致。 在细胞层面检测了小梁网细胞的过度增殖, 为将来可以直接获取细胞的红外光谱从而检测小梁网细胞的增殖程度, 进而检测原发性开角型青光眼等疾病奠定了基础。 得出同步辐射红外谱学与显微成像有望成为检测原发性开角型青光眼新手段的结论, 也为将来便携式红外显微光谱仪临床实时检测青光眼等疾病提供了依据。

Primary open angle glaucoma is a common blind eye disease. Elevated intraocular pressure is the most important risk factor for the occurrence and development of primary open-angle glaucoma. It is caused by the lesion of aqueous humor outflow system and the increase of aqueous humor outflow resistance in trabecular meshwork pathway. It has been shown that TGF- β in aqueous humor can make trabecular cells fibrosis and induce excessive proliferation of trabecular cells, thus hindering the outflow of aqueous humor, leading to the occurrence of primary open-angle glaucoma. POAG is a covert disease with slow progression and no symptoms in the early stage. It is often found only when the visual field is significantly impaired in the late stage. Therefore, the early diagnosis of it is particularly important. Synchrotron radiation infrared microimaging combined with high luminance and high resolution synchrotron radiation source with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and infrared microscope can realize cell detection. It is very important to obtain cellular change information from molecular level and to understand the pathogenesis of disease and the early diagnosis of disease. Although there are many research reports on infrared spectroscopy in biomedical field, the application of infrared spectroscopy microscopic imaging technology to the study of biomedical systems such as cells is still an area in urgent need of development. At present, no infrared spectroscopy has been found for the detection of trabecular meshwork cells. In this paper, TGF-β was used to induce rat trabecular meshwork cells into myofibroblasts in vitro, simulating the process of trabecular meshwork cells fibrosis. The meshwork cells and the myofibroblasts induced by TGF-β were studied by synchrotron radiation infrared microscopy and spectral analysis, and the feasibility of using synchrotron radiation in the early diagnosis of primary open-angle glaucoma was discussed. Study have shown that the elastin in myofibroblasts was significantly higher than that in trabecular meshwork cells, and 95% of elastins were nonpolar amino acids. Comparing the IR spectra of the two kinds of cells, it was found that the stretching vibration of CH₃, CH₂ and CH of myofibroblasts at 2 934, 2 900 and 2 845 cm^-1 was stronger than that of trabecular meshwork cells, which might be due to the increase of intracellular elastin induced by TGF-β. In this paper, we detected the excessive proliferation of trabecular meshwork cells at the cellular level, which laid a foundation for obtaining the infrared spectrum of cells directly and detecting the proliferation of trabecular meshwork cells in the future, and then for detecting diseases such as primary open angle glaucoma. It is concluded that synchrotron radiation infrared spectroscopy and microscopic imaging are expected to be new methods for detecting POAG and provide a basis for real-time clinical detection of glaucoma by portable infrared microspectrometer.