The oceans are a huge reservoir for CO 2 ,containing 50 times more than the atmosphere and 20 times more than the biosphere,furthermore,they play an important role in regulating the levels of atmospheric CO 2 ,and hence global climate.The CO 2 between the oceans and the atmosphere is out of equilibrium ,the equatorial Pacific and Atlantic oceans are supersaturated with CO 2 and hence are strong CO 2 source areas,on the other hand,the Southern and the North Atlantic oceans are strong sinks of atmospheric CO 2 .The oceans have taken up large amounts of anthropogenic CO 2 ,models of global carbon cycle yield a mean oceanic CO 2 uptake of 2.0 Gt C/a.The oceans' capacity to take up CO 2 depends laregely on the effect of the biological pump and the dynamics of ocean circulation.Future concentration of atmospheric CO 2 is hard to predict because of our incomplete understanding of how the oceans would respond to the global warming.To improve our ability to estimate future CO 2 concentration,intense further research on oceanic CO 2 is necessary.

海洋是一个巨大的碳库,具有潜在的缓冲大气CO 2 增加的能力,研究CO 2 在海洋中的转移和归宿,对于预测未来大气CO 2 含量乃至全球气候变化具有重要意义。综述了海洋CO 2 的研究现状,着重介绍海洋CO 2 的源与汇、海—气CO 2 通量的估算以及海洋环流、生物泵和海洋生态在海洋碳循环中的作用,并对该研究领域的发展趋势进行了总结。

In the study of the global carbon cycle, the continental margin is considered as one of probable sinks for missing term of carbon, and has come under increasing attention in recent years. It is of great importance, for the discussion of global carbon cycle and for the consummation of global carbon database, to study the CO 2 flux over the East China Sea, a major marginal sea in the northwest Pacific.This paper investigated CO 2 flux over the East China Sea using the data collected during summer 2001(27 Jul一04 Aug). The procedures of sampling and analyses of surface water pCO 2 were as followed: when the ship stayed still, pump surface water from a side intake at a depth of 3— 4m via an adiabatic conduit to equilibrator of laminary flow type(Cooper, 1998), which was presented by Plymouth Marine Laboratory. UK, turn on the air pump at the same time, and pump clean air that from 10m above the surface water to the laminary flow type equilibrator, in order to replace with water sample fully, then measure the samples of water and atmospheric pCO 2 by G.C(Gas Chromatogram) simultaneously. The intake from which atmospheric air was pumped was installed at 10m above the water surface to avoid contamination from the ship. Temperature and salinity were measured synchronously by CTD(Conductivity Temperature Depth) system. Chlorophyll a was analyzed with the mensuration of Parsons(Parson, 1987). Nutrients were determined by SAN PLUS automatism (SKALAR company of Holand).The results indicated that it was mainly the freshwater of Changjiang(Yangtzi) River that disturbed the pCO 2 distribution in the surface water of survey area and made it uneven. Because of strong influence of fluvial carbonates, the pCO 2 of surface water in the areas of Changjiang estuarine area and Hangzhou Bay were obviously higher than that of the rest area. There were positive correlation between the pCO 2 of surface water and corresponding salinity, but negative correlation between the pCO 2 of surface water and corresponding temperature, an d chlorophyll a except for the very muddy freshwater area near the Changjiang estuary. Using the gas exchange coefficient calculated from the Wanninkhof model (Wanninkhof, 1992) and the wind speed in situ, it is concluded that the Changjiang River estuarine area and offshore area near Zhejiang Province were source of CO 2 , while the area east to 123°E were sink of CO 2 , especially to the vicinity of 123°E 32°N, due to biological activities. The freshwater bring abundant nutrients which enhanced significantly biological activities, and thus largely increased consumption of CO 2 , which made the seawater (the area east to 123°E) to become the sink of atmospheric CO 2 . As far as the whole area of the western part of the East China Sea (the survey area is 14.4×10 4 km 2 ) is concerned, 15.3×10 4 t C was absorbed from atmosphere in summer. If the salinity of fresh water was considered to be less than 30, the area was 8. 03×10 4 km 2 , 19.0×10 4 t C would be absorbed from atmosphere in summer by calculation. So it is mainly the freshwater of Changjiang River that resulted in the sink of CO 2 in the western part of the East China Sea in summer.

根据2001年夏季长江口及东海西部海域表层海水pCO 2 的实测数据，结合水文、化学和生物等要素的同步观测资料，对该海域pCO 2 分布和变化的重要影响因素进行了探讨。结果表明，长江冲淡水是造成东海西部海域表层海水pCO 2 ，分布不均匀的主要原因。利用Wanninkhof(1992)提出的通量模式计算，长江口口门附近海域和浙江近岸海域为CO 2 的源区，123°E以东的调查海域表现为大气CO 2 的汇，尤其是以123°E，32°N为中心，存在着一个极强的大气CO 2 汇区。就整个东海西部海域而言，夏季可从大气净吸收l5.3×10 4 t C。

In this paper, the distributions and characteristics of water masses in the South Yellow Sea are studied by using “the comparison analysis method” based on May 19 - June 2, 1992 CTD data and May 10 - 15, 1992 data on temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen data obtained along two standard sections (34 °N and 36 °N) in the middle and western parts of the South Yellow Sea. The internal structure of the South Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass and its relation to the Qingdao Cold Water Mass are discussed. Some conclusions are as follows. 1. There are eight water masses, i.e., Yellow Sea Water, South Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass, Qingdao Cold Water Mass, Yellow Sea Warm Current Water, Chengshan Cape Cold Water, Western Korea Coastal Water, Northern Jiangsu Coastal Water and Changjiang River Diluted Water in the South Yellow Sea in spring. 2. In spring, the South Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass is in a formative period and is composed of two secondary water masses, the Yellow Sea Local Cold Water and the modified water of the Yellow Sea Warm Current, so its internal characteristics of temperature and salinity are not very uniform. 3. The Qingdao Cold Water Mass is an independent water mass in spring. It comes from the Yellow Sea Coastal Water (the South Bohai Sea Coastal Water) and possesses particular characteristics of temperature and salinity and growing and vanishing process, so it is not a part of the South Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass.

根据1992年5月在南黄海取得的CTD资料和两个断面（34°N，36°N）的温、盐度和溶解氧资料，利用“对应分析法”研究该海域的水团配置和特性，并对其中的某些问题进行探讨。结果表明：春季，南黄海海域存在8个水团，即黄海水、南黄海冷水团、青岛冷水团、黄海暖流水以及长江冲淡水、苏北沿岸水、成山角冷水和朝鲜西岸沿岸水；南黄海冷水团是由黄海本地冷水和黄海暖流变性水组成，其内部的温、盐性质并不十分均匀；青岛冷水团来源于黄海沿岸水（渤南沿岸水），具有独特的温、盐结构和长消过程，是一个独立的水团而不是南黄海冷水团的组成部分。