乌骨鸡与非药用鸡种矿物质与微量元素含量特征的分析比较。 乌骨鸡(BSF)是中国特有的传统药食两用鸡种, 岭南黄鸡(LNYC), 崇仁麻鸡(CRC)在中医药传统上一般不作药用, 但属养殖范围较广, 饲养量较大的两个优质鸡种。 矿物元素含量与分布特征除了和鸡种有关外, 还和饲养条件尤其是饲料和水源有密切关系。 因此引入上述相同条件饲养的两种非药用鸡种作为参比对照, 可以消除实验误差, 增强实验结果的可靠性。 利用具有分析速度快, 测定范围广, 分析准确度和精密度高, 良好的选择性和多元素同时测定等多个优点的电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定两类鸡种的8种矿物质元素含量, 可以更好地比较出因鸡种不同而导致的所含矿物质元素含量的差异, 更为真实地反映出乌骨鸡的营养价值。 以相同的饲料、 饮水、 饲养环境下的两种非药用鸡种为对照, 采用ICP-AES法测定乌骨鸡, 岭南黄鸡﹑崇仁麻鸡在皮肤, 骨骼, 胸肌和腿肌组织中P, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu和Zn八种矿物质元素的含量。 分别取其皮肤, 骨骼, 鸡胸肉﹑鸡腿肉作为样本( n=8), 剪碎烘干至恒重, 称量。 取上述各供试品平行样各三份, 每份精密称取约2 g, 分别加入10 mL混酸(HClO₄∶HNO₃=1∶4), 加热消化。 冷却后以2%HNO₃溶解定容, 同时以蒸馏水为样品制备一份空白试液, 在选定的工作条件下, 对样品进行测定。 ICP-AES法主要工作条件设置如下: 射频功率1.2 kW; 辅助气流量0.2 L·min^-1; 雾化气流量为0.8 L·min^-1; 等离子气流量为15 L·min^-1; 溶液提升量为1.5 mL·min^-1; 冷却气流量15 L·min^-1。 所有样品的测定实验重复三次。 所有数据均以平均值±标准偏差( x± s)表示。 显著性分析采用SPSS20.0统计软件的t检验进行评价。 研究不同组的变量值采用单因素方差分析, 假设显著差异为 p<0.05。 实验测得标准曲线的相关系数 r>0.999 54, 检测限范围(0.01~3.90 μg·g^-1), 说明在所研究的浓度范围内, 各元素浓度与吸光度均呈现良好线性关系, 确保了实验的精确度和准确度。 结果显示: 与非药用鸡种比较: 乌骨鸡皮肤中P, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu和Zn八种矿物质元素含量均极显著高( p<0.01); 骨骼中Ca, Fe, Na, Zn元素含量显著高(其中Ca, Fe: p<0.01, Na, Zn: p<0.05); 鸡胸肉中Ca, Fe元素含量显著高(其中Ca: p<0.05, Fe: p<0.01), Mg元素含量极显著低( p<0.01); 腿肌肉中的Fe, Cu元素的含量极显著高( p<0.01), Na, K, Mg, Zn含量显著低( p<0.05); 两种非药用鸡种间相比较差异不大。 总体而言: 乌骨鸡中高含量的钙, 铁元素是其区别于非药用鸡种的显著特征, 尤其是, 乌骨鸡富含的铁元素可能是其补血作用的物质基础之一。 该研究为进一步研究开发乌骨鸡补血功能以及阐述其补血机理提供了实验依据。

Analysis and comparison of mineral and microelement contents in Silky Black-bone Silky fowl (BSF) is a traditional Chinese edible chicken that is endemic to China. In generally Lingnan Yellow Chinken (LNYC) and Chongren Chicken (CRC) are not used medicinally in traditional Chinese medicine, but they belong to two high quality chicken breeds with a wide range of aquaculture. In addition to the content of mineral elements and distribution characteristics and chicken-related, but also with the breeding conditions, especially feed and water are closely related. Therefore, two kinds of non-medicinal chicken breeds raised under the same conditions as mentioned above can eliminate the experimental error and enhance the reliability of experimental results. In this paper, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) has been used to determine the effect of two kinds of chicken on the basis of the advantages of fast analysis, wide range of measurement, high accuracy and precision, good selectivity and simultaneous determination of multiple elements The content of eight kinds of mineral elements in different species can better compare the differences of the content of mineral elements contained in different kinds of chicken breeds and more accurately reflect the nutritional value of silky fowls. Under the same feeding, drinking water and feeding environment, two kinds of non-medicinal chicken were used as control. ICP-AES method was used to determine the P, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Cu and Zn in BSF, LNYC, CRC. Take their skin, bones, chicken breasts, chicken thighs as a sample ( n=8), cut and dried until constant weight, weighing. Take the above samples for each of the three parallel samples, each weighing about 2 g precision, were added 10ml mixed acid (HClO₄∶HNO₃=1∶4), heat digestion. After cooling, the sample was dissolved in 2% HNO₃, and a blank test solution was prepared with distilled water as the sample. The sample was determined under the selected working conditions. The main working conditions of ICP-AES are set as follows: RF power 1.2 kW; auxiliary gas flow 0.2 L·min^-1; atomizing gas flow 0.8 L·min^-1; plasma gas flow 15 L·min^-1; solution lift 1.5 mL·min^-1; Cooling air flow 15 L·min^-1. The determination of all samples had been repeated for three times. All data are expressed as mea±standard deviation ( x± s). Significance analysis using SPSS20.0 statistical software test for evaluation. Univariate analysis of variance was used to study variables in different groups, assuming a significant difference of p<0.05. The correlation coefficient r>0.999 54 and the limit of detection (0.01~3.90 μg·g^-1) of the standard curve were measured experimentally, which showed that there was a good linear relationship between the concentration of each element and the absorbance within the concentration range studied, ensure the accuracy of the experiment. Compared with other two non-medicinal breeds, BSF’s skin shows much higher concentrations in all of the eight mineral elements content ( p<0.01); Ca, Fe, Na, Zn in the bone of BSF are higher than that of the others too(Ca, Fe: p<0.01, Na, Zn: p<0.05). Interestingly, Ca and Fe in BSF’s breast are higher than others’ (Ca: p<0.05, Fe: p<0.01), while BSF’s Mg are the lowest among the three breeds ( p<0.01); Fe and Cu in BSF’s leg are the highest ( p<0.01), while Na, K, Mg, Zn in BSF’s leg are very low ( p<0.05). On the other hand, CRC and LNYC show similar results in the eight mineral elements contents. In summary, the high contents of Ca and Fe are the most remarkable characteristics of BSF, and BSF’s hematinics function might be relating to its Fe content. Therefore, this study helps to reveal the BSF’s hematinics theory.