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2012 Vol. 32, No. 03 Published: 2012-03-01

光谱学与光谱分析

	577	Research on Inorganic Explosive and Its Principal Component with Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
		ZHAO Hua, WANG Qian-qian^*, LIU Kai, GE Cong-hui
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0577-05
		Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy is a technology that can be used for high-speed, real time, multi-component, online, remote detection, and it has considerable superiority in explosives detection. In the present experiment, using 1 064 nm Q-switch laser beam as the resource, the authors investigated a common inorganic explosive (black powder) and one of its key components (KNO₃), while choosing NaNO₃ as the reference. We obtained the LIBS spectroscopy of these three samples in two surrounding atmospheres (air and Ar gas) at different time delay. And we analysed the change in line intensity ratio of N, O along with the increase in time delay, and found that the maximum of the value of O/N is obtained at time delay 596 ns.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 577-581 [Abstract] ( 1096 ) PDF (3043 KB) ( 740 )

	582	Effects of Laser Wavelength on Detection of Metal Elements in Water Solution by Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy
		LI Ying, WANG Zhen-nan, WU Jiang-lai, LU Yuan, ZHENG Rong-er^*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0582-04
		In the present paper, aiming at the problem of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) applyication in ocean detection, the effects of laser wavelength on the detection of Ca in water solution were investigated. The evolvement characterization of electron density was studied by analyzing the time resolved spectra of the plasma. The experimental results show that the lifetime of plasma is about 1 200 and 600 ns respectively induced by 1 064 and 532 nm laser. Based on the optical transmission characteristic and the LIBS experimental results, the dependence of needed laser energy before incidence into water E_iopt(r) for optimal detection effect on the detection distance in water was found, and the dependence was simulated by applying to the in situ detection in water solution. The simulated results suggest that the needed laser energy of 1 064 nm laser before incidence into water is about 100 mJ when the detection distance is no larger than 5 cm. When the detection distance increases to 10cm, the needed laser energy of 532 nm before incidence into water is only about 30 mJ. So it should be considered to choose 532 nm laser as the ablation source with the increase in the in situ detection distance.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 582-585 [Abstract] ( 1825 ) PDF (1616 KB) ( 648 )

	586	Multi-Harmonic Analysis of Quasi-Continuous-Wave Laser Modulation Absorption Spectroscopy
		QI Ru-bin¹, DU Zhen-hui^1*, MENG Fan-li¹, LI Jin-yi¹, GAO Dong-yu¹, XU Xiao-bin¹, CHEN Wen-liang^1,2, XU Ke-xin¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0586-04
		Numerous harmonic components such as multiple frequency, sum frequency and difference frequency of multiple modulation signals were found in quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) diode laser modulation absorption spectroscopy. Then, the authors analyzed these harmonic components’ existence in terms of non-linear interactions of laser and gas absorption line. And the signals’ characteristics were studied experimentally. The results shows that there are some sum frequency and difference frequency components that have larger amplitudes compared to the second harmonic wavelength modulation spectroscopy signal (2f-WMS) commonly used in tunable diode laser spectroscopy (TDLAS), and it may improve the detection sensitivity of QCW modulation spectroscopy.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 586-589 [Abstract] ( 773 ) PDF (1586 KB) ( 587 )

	590	Vibration-Vibration Energy Transfer Between Highly Vibrational Excited RbH and H₂, N₂
		ZHANG Bin, ZHU Dong-hui, DAI Kang, SHEN Yi-fan^*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0590-04
		Rb-H₂ mixture was irradiated with pulses of 696.4 nm radiation from a OPO laser, populating 6D state by two-photon absorption. The vibrational levels of RbH(Х ¹Σ⁺,ν″=0～2) generated in the reaction of Rb(6D) with H₂. Vibrational-state-specific total-removal relaxation rate coefficients, k_ν(M), for RbH(Х ¹Σ⁺,ν″=15～22) by M=H₂ and N₂ were investigated in a pump and probe configuration. By the overtone pumping with a cw diode laser, highly vibrational states ν″=15～22 of RbH in its ground electronic state were obtained. Another diode laser was used to probe the prepared vibrational state. The decay signal of laser induced time-resolved fluorescence from A ¹Σ⁺(ν′)→Х ¹Σ⁺(ν″) transition was monitored. Based on the Stern-Volmer equation, the total relaxation rate coefficient k_ν(H₂) were yielded. A plot of k_ν(H₂+N₂) vs α(mole fraction H₂) yields a line with a slope of k_ν(H₂)-k_ν(N₂) and an intercept of k_ν(N₂). The values of k_ν(H₂) obtained from the slope of the fitted lines compare well with determined values of the k_ν(H₂) from the Sern-Volmer plots. At ν″<18, the rate coefficients k_ν(M) increases linearly with vibrational quantum number. This linear region is dominated by single quantum relaxation (Δν=1) collisional propensity rules. The region (ν″≥18) where the dependence is much stronger than linear shows significant contribution from multiquantum (Δν≥2) relaxation or resonant vibration-vibration energy transfer between highly vibrationally excited RbH and H₂ or N₂. For RbH(ν″)+N₂(0), we measured the time-profile of ν″=16 after preparation of ν″=21. A clear bimodal distribution was observed. The first peak is due to resonant vibration-vibration energy transfer: RbH(ν″=21)+N₂(0)→RbH(ν″=16)+N₂(1). The much broader second peak, at longer time delays, is due to sequential single-quantum relaxation. Although the second process results in a distribution that is much more spread out in time, the peak height is in the same order of magnitude, indicating that the two processes are at least comparable in probability.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 590-593 [Abstract] ( 1617 ) PDF (1826 KB) ( 580 )

	594	Fast Spectral Modeling Based on Voigt Peaks
		LI Jin-rong^1,2, DAI Lian-kui^1*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0594-04
		Indirect hard modeling (IHM) is a recently introduced method for quantitative spectral analysis, which was applied to the analysis of nonlinear relation between mixture spectrum and component concentration. In addition, IHM is an effectual technology for the analysis of components of mixture with molecular interactions and strongly overlapping bands. Before the establishment of regression model, IHM needs to model the measured spectrum as a sum of Voigt peaks. The precision of the spectral model has immediate impact on the accuracy of the regression model. A spectrum often includes dozens or even hundreds of Voigt peaks, which mean that spectral modeling is a optimization problem with high dimensionality in fact. So, large operation overhead is needed and the solution would not be numerically unique due to the ill-condition of the optimization problem. An improved spectral modeling method is presented in the present paper, which reduces the dimensionality of optimization problem by determining the overlapped peaks in spectrum. Experimental results show that the spectral modeling based on the new method is more accurate and needs much shorter running time than conventional method.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 594-597 [Abstract] ( 1171 ) PDF (1482 KB) ( 592 )

	598	Investigation of the Vibrational Temperature and Gas Temperature in Gas Discharge Generated by Plasma Needle
		LI Xue-chen, NIU Dong-ying, YUAN Ning, JIA Peng-ying
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0598-04
		Low temperature plasma generated by plasma needle in atmospheric pressure air has extensive application prospects in industry because the vacuum device can be dispensable. In the present paper a stable plasma plume was generated in air by using a plasma needle device. The vibrational temperature and gas temperature were investigated for the plasma plume by optical spectroscopic method. Research results show that the plasma plume generated in atmospheric pressure air can be distinguished as a strong emission area near the needle followed by a weak emission area. The light emission signal from the discharge is a pulse per half cycle of the applied voltage with a time width of several microseconds. Results also indicate that the vabrational temperature varies from 2 500 to 3 000 K for different emission locations. The vibrational temperature increases with increasing the distance from the needle point in the strong emission area and it reaches a peak value at a distance of about 5mm from the needle point. The vibrational temperature decreases with increasing the distance from the needle. Similarly, the gas temperature decreases from 640K to 540K with increasing the distance from the needle point. These results are of great importance for the industrial applications of air discharge at atmospheric pressure.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 598-601 [Abstract] ( 1584 ) PDF (1538 KB) ( 652 )

	602	Analysis of Software for Identifying Spectral Line of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy Based on LabVIEW
		HU Zhi-yu, ZHANG Lei^*, MA Wei-guang, YAN Xiao-juan, LI Zhi-xin, ZHANG Yong-zhi, WANG Le, DONG Lei, YIN Wang-bao, JIA Suo-tang
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0602-04
		Self-designed identifying software for LIBS spectral line was introduced. Being integrated with LabVIEW, the software can smooth spectral lines and pick peaks. The second difference and threshold methods were employed. Characteristic spectrum of several elements matches the NIST database, and realizes automatic spectral line identification and qualitative analysis of the basic composition of sample. This software can analyze spectrum handily and rapidly. It will be a useful tool for LIBS.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 602-605 [Abstract] ( 714 ) PDF (2521 KB) ( 641 )

	606	Studies on Signal-to-Noise Ratio Standardization for THz Time-Domain Spectroscopy
		LI Meng^1,2, HE Ming-xia^1,2*, TIAN Zhen¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0606-04
		In the present article the concept of standard signal-to-noise ratio (StSNR) for THz time-domain spectroscopy was introduced, with which different systems could be evaluated quantitatively. Based on the characteristics of SNR, a brief method was given for acquiring StSNR. With this method for calculating the StSNR, the result data of a single test was the only item needed, which eased the users lot to compare the capability of various THz time-domain spectrometers. According to this method, a number of THz-TDS systems applied in various THz research groups were evaluated.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 606-609 [Abstract] ( 1344 ) PDF (1098 KB) ( 965 )

	610	Study on the Optical Properties of Ultra-Thin Metal Films in the THz Band
		MA Feng-ying, CHI Quan, SU Jian-po^*, DU Yan-li, ZHANG Wei-wei, CHEN Ming, LIU Jian-li, GUO Mao-tian, YUAN Bin
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0610-04
		Thin metal films are good candidates of terahertz detectors, reflectors, waveguides and terahertz quantum-cascade lasers (THz-QCLs). The optical parameter is the basis not only for designing the THz components but also for developing novel optoelectronic materials. In the present paper, the complex refractive indices of the ultra-thin metal (Cr, Ni and Ti) films in the THz band were obtained by the THz differential time-domain spectroscopy. The reflection spectra of the GaAs/metals interface were calculated according to the Fresnel formula. The mean reflectance of 25 nm Cr, Ni and Ti are over 80% from 0.3 to 1.5 THz. The results show that ultra-thin metal films can be used for reflectors as well as the electrodes in the THz band.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 610-613 [Abstract] ( 1344 ) PDF (1523 KB) ( 563 )

	614	Luminescence Properties of Eu, Dy Doped BaAl₁₂O₁₉ Long Afterglow Phosphors
		XIONG Yi, WANG Yin-hai^*, HU Zheng-fa, LI Ya, PENG Tie-qiu, ZHAO Hui
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0614-05
		Long afterglow phosphors BaAl₁₂O₁₉∶Eu²⁺/Eu³⁺, Dy³⁺ were synthesized by high temperature solid state method under different atmosphere. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) shows that pure BaAl₁₂O₁₉ phase structure was obtained and the doping ions Eu²⁺/Eu³⁺，Dy³⁺ didn’t change the phase structure. By comparison, the authors found that the doping ions Eu²⁺/Eu³⁺，Dy³⁺ caused the XRD diffraction peaks moving to the high angle slightly which displayed that the inter-planar crystal spacing was changed via Eu and Dy replacing Ba lattice in BaAl₁₂O₁₉. Emission spectra show that all the samples prepared under different conditions exhibit the 4f⁶5d¹→4f⁷ broadband transition which is the features emission of Eu²⁺ and the existence of the features emission of Eu²⁺ in the sample synthesized in air indicates that Eu³⁺ ions can be reduced to divalent state in air. The doping ions Dy³⁺ can not only enhance the luminous intensity of samples but also make the samples to obtain long afterglow characteristics. The afterglow decay and thermoluminescence studies of the Eu, Dy co-doped sample synthesized under reducing atmosphere reveal that the sample has good long afterglow properties at room temperature and high temperature.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 614-618 [Abstract] ( 1111 ) PDF (1955 KB) ( 503 )

	619	Spectral Analysis of LED Excited Organic Material MPPV
		BI Chang-dong, ZHANG Fang-hui
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0619-03
		By the method of spin-coating，a glass was coated with a layer of organic material MPPV dissolved in organic solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). The radios of MPPV : THF were 25 mg∶1 mL,50 mg∶1 mL, 100 mg∶1 mL and 150 mg∶1 mL. Then we irradiated the organic thin film by blue and white LED. The results showed that the blue and white LEDs could excite the organic material MPPV to emit red light in the region of 600~750 nm. And with the increase in the organic material MPPV, the color coordinate moved from (0.265 4, 0.248 9) to (0.395 4, 0.288 0) gradually. When the ratio of MPPV∶THF was 100 mg∶1 mL, the white LED had the best color-rendering index of 86.1. The minimum of color temperature reached 2609K which was lower than that of white LED obtained by blue LED excited yellow YAG phosphor. Therefore, with the method of blue and white LED exciting the organic material MPPV, the color-rendering index and luminescence properties of LED could be improved significantly.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 619-621 [Abstract] ( 1526 ) PDF (1126 KB) ( 585 )

	622	Luminescence Properties of Sodium Chloride Activated with Ce under Vacuum Ultraviolet Excitation
		Azeretiaili Ablekem, Guzalay Juma, Aierken Sidike^*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0622-03
		A series of NaCl∶Ce³⁺ phospors were prepared by hydrothermal approach. The crystal structure was checked by X-ray diffraction, and the result showed that all the samples are of single phase. The VUV excitation and emission spectra were measured at room temperature. Two emission peaks at about 309 and 324 nm were obsereved and they were ascribed to 5d→4f(²F_5/2, ²F_7/2) transitions of. The excitation spectra contain two broad bands at 148 and 247 nm respectively. The peak at 148 nm can be attributed to the host related absorption and that at 190, 205, 216, 232 and 247 nm is due to the 4f→5d transitions of Ce³⁺.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 622-624 [Abstract] ( 1643 ) PDF (1246 KB) ( 607 )

	625	Ultraviolet Mie Lidar Observations of Aerosol Extinction in a Dust Storm Case over Macao
		LIU Qiao-jun^1,2, CHENG A Y S^1,2*, ZHU Jian-hua¹, FONG S K³, CHANG S W³, TAM K S³, Viseu A³
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0625-05
		Atmospheric aerosol over Macao was monitored by using a 355 nm Mie scattering lidar during the dust event on March 22^nd, 2010. Vertical profiles of aerosol extinction coefficients were obtained and correlated with local PM₁₀ concentration. The near-surface aerosol extinction coefficients have good agreement with PM₁₀ concentration values. The aerosol extinction vertical profiles showed that there were distinct layers of dust aerosol concentration. The source and tracks of dust aerosol were analyzed by back-trajectory simulation. Observations showed that this lidar could run well even in dust storm episode, and it would help to further the study on aerosol properties over Macao.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 625-629 [Abstract] ( 1608 ) PDF (2430 KB) ( 575 )

	630	FTIR Analysis of the Impact of Covalent Coupling on the Secondary Structure of Antibody Protein
		YU Si-ming¹, PENG Yun-ping^{1, 2}, YU Shu-juan^1*, Lü Huan¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0630-05
		The immunolatex was prepared by covalent coupling. FTIR technology combined with substractive spectroscopy, deconvolution, derivation and curve-fitting methods were used to study the structure of the antibody protein on the immunolatex. The result demonstrates that the α-helix strcture of antibody increases with the increase in the pH value and the concentration of latex. So it is concluded that covalent coupling has a great impact on the secondary structure of antibody protein.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 630-634 [Abstract] ( 1781 ) PDF (1885 KB) ( 583 )

	635	Analysis of the Character of Film Decomposition of Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) Coated Urea by Infrared Spectrum
		LI Dong-po^{1, 2}, WU Zhi-jie^1*, LIANG Cheng-hua², CHEN Li-jun¹, ZHANG Yu-lan¹, NIE Yan-xia^{1, 3}
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0635-07
		The degradability characteristics of film with 4 kinds of methyl methacrylate coated urea amended with inhibitors were analyzed by FITR, which was purposed to supply theoretical basis for applying the FITR analysis method to film decomposition and methyl methacrylate coated urea fertilizers on farming. The result showed that the chemical component, molecule structure and material form of the membrane were not changed because of adding different inhibitors to urea. the main peaks of expressing film degradation process were brought by the —C—H of CH₃ & CH₂, —OH, C—O, C—C, C—O—C, CO, CC flexing vibrancy in asymmetry and symmetry in 3 479～3 195, 2 993～2 873, 1 741～1 564, 1 461～925 and 850～650 cm^-1. The peak value changed from smooth to tip, and from width to narrow caused by chemical structural transform of film. The infrared spectrum of 4 kinds of fertilizers was not different remarkably before 60 days, and the film was slowly degraded. But degradation of the film was expedited after 60 days, it was most quickened at 120 day, and the decomposition rate of film was decreased at 310 day. The substantiality change of film in main molecule structure of 4 kinds of fertilizers didn’t happen in 310 days. The main component of film materials was degraded most slowly in brown soil. The speed of film degradation wasn’t heavily impacted by different inhibitors. The characteristic of film degradation may be monitored entirely by infrared spectrum. The degradation dynamic, chemical structure change, degradation speed difference of the film could be represented through infrared spectrum.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 635-641 [Abstract] ( 1553 ) PDF (2319 KB) ( 548 )

	642	Development of Human Blood Glucose Noninvasive Measurement System Based on Near Infrared Spectral Technology
		LI Qing-bo, LIU Jie-qiang, LI Xiang
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0642-05
		A small non-invasive measurement system for human blood glucose has been developed, which can achieve fast, real-time and non-invasive measurement of human blood glucose. The device is mainly composed of four parts, i.e. fixture, light system, data acquisition and processing systems, and spectrometer. A new scheme of light source driving was proposed, which can meet the requirements of light source under a variety of conditions of spectral acquisition. An integrated fixture design was proposed, which not only simplifies the optical structure of the system, but also improves the reproducibility of measurement conditions. The micro control system mainly achieves control function, dealing with data, data storage and so on. As the most important component, microprocessor DSP TMS320F2812 has many advantages, such as low power, high processing speed, high computing ability and so on. Wavelet denoising is used to pretreat the spectral data, which can decrease the loss of incident light and improve the signal-to-noise ratio. Kernel partial least squares method was adopted to build the mathematical model, which can improve the precision of the system. In the calibration experiment of the system, the standard values were measured by OneTouch. The correlation coefficient between standard blood glucose values and truth values is 0.95. The root mean square error of measurement is 0.6 mmol·L^-1. The system has good reproducibility.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 642-646 [Abstract] ( 1611 ) PDF (1616 KB) ( 594 )

	647	Using Infrared Thermal Asymmetry Analysis for Objective Assessment of the Lesion of Facial Nerve Function
		LIU Xu-long¹, HONG Wen-xue¹, SONG Jia-lin¹, WU Zhen-ying²
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0647-04
		The skin temperature distribution of a healthy human body exhibits a contralateral symmetry. Some lesions of facial nerve function are associated with an alteration of the thermal distribution of the human body. Since the dissipation of heat through the skin occurs for the most part in the form of infrared radiation, infrared thermography is the method of choice to capture the alteration of the infrared thermal distribution. This paper presents a new method of analysis of the thermal asymmetry named effective thermal area ratio, which is a product of two variables. The first variable is mean temperature difference between the specific facial region and its contralateral region. The second variable is a ratio, which is equal to the area of the abnormal region divided by the total area. Using this new method, we performed a controlled trial to assess the facial nerve function of the healthy subjects and the patients with Bell’s palsy respectively. The results show: that the mean specificity and sensitivity of this method are 0.90 and 0.87 respectively, improved by 7% and 26% compared with conventional methods. Spearman correlation coefficient between effective thermal area ratio and the degree of facial nerve function is an average of 0.664. Hence, concerning the diagnosis and assessment of facial nerve function, infrared thermography is a powerful tool; while the effective thermal area ratio is an efficient clinical indicator.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 647-650 [Abstract] ( 1463 ) PDF (1273 KB) ( 533 )

	651	Gemology Characterization and Identification of Beryllium Diffused, Heated and Untreated Bicolor Sapphires from Changle City, China
		CHEN Tao^{1, 2}, YANG Ming-xing¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0651-04
		Be-diffused, heated and untreated bicolor sapphires (blue and yellow) from Changle City, Shandong Province, China were studied by using standard gemological methods, ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, infrared (IR) spectroscopy, electron microprobe, and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to obtain the spectra characterization, and to suggest identification methods for them. Only Fe³⁺—Fe³⁺ absorption bands formed in ultraviolet region appear in Be-diffused bicolor sapphire, which is especially strong at 377 nm. In IR absorption spectra, absorption peak at 3 310 cm^-1 appears in heated and untreated bicolor sapphires, while it disappears in Be-diffused bicolor sapphire. Therefore, UV-Vis and IR absorption spectra can be used to identify Be-diffused, heated and untreated bicolor sapphires. On the other hand, methylene iodide immersion observation also can be used to identify Be-diffused bicolor sapphire.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 651-654 [Abstract] ( 1734 ) PDF (1268 KB) ( 749 )

	655	Application of Near-Infrared Topology Method in the Quality Analysis of Jujube of Southern Xinjiang
		LUO Hua-ping^{1, 2}, LU Qi-peng^2*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0655-05
		In the present paper, both the physical characteristics and spectral signatures of southern Xinjiang jujube were studied. With the methods of repetitive adjustment and stepwise refinement, the analysis diagram of jujube quality subdivision and characteristic factors were obtained. In actual practice, the spectra repeatability and quality can be improved by setting an optimum acquisition parameter according to different experimental requirements. Through experiments the characteristic factors of crack browning, luster and compositions were obtained, which demonstrates a distinguishing downing characteristic spectral line at the wave number of 10 170 cm^-1. Through characteristic analysis of jujube NIR spectra, the correspondence between the jujube spectra and their qualities was established, which lays the foundation for jujube qualities’ characteristic coding in the future. The application of near-infrared topology method in the quality analysis of southern Xinjiang jujube is cost saving, which has a broad application prospect in establishing the NIR analytical standard and model database sharing of the jujube’s quality in the future.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 655-659 [Abstract] ( 1178 ) PDF (1729 KB) ( 886 )

	660	Analysis of the 4th Generation Outer Space Bred Angelica Dahurica by FTIR Spectroscopy
		ZHU Yan-ying, WU Peng-le, LIU Mei-yi, WANG Zhi-zhou, GUO Xi-hua, GUAN Ying
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0660-04
		The major components of the 4th generation outer space bred angelica and the ground group were determined and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and second derivative spectrum, considering the large mutation of the plants with space mutagenesis. The results show that the content of the coumarin ( 1741 cm^-1), which is the main active components of the space angelica dahurica increased, and the content of the protein (1 459, 1 419 cm^-1) and the fat (930 cm^-1) increased slightly, whereas the content of the starch and the dietary fiber reduced drastically. There are obvious differences between the peak values of the second derivative spectra of the plants, revealing that the outer space angelica dahurica contained amine component at 1 279 cm^-1. Space mutation breeding is favor of breeding angelica with better idiosyncrasy.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 660-663 [Abstract] ( 1680 ) PDF (1494 KB) ( 622 )

	664	Research on Characteristic of Tobaccos from Different Ecological Environments Base on Near Infrared Spectroscopy
		ZHANG Lu¹, TANG Xing-hong², MA Xiang², QIAN Ying-ying², WANG Luo-ping², WEN Ya-dong², WANG Yi², ZHANG Ye-hui¹, ZHAO Long-lian¹, LI Jun-hui^1*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0664-05
		Four hundred ninety five samples from 3 parts of tobacco were collected from 11 different ecological environments in 2010 to analyze the characteristics of tobaccos in different ecological environments with near infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that the differences are remarkable both between lower and upper parts and between lower and middle parts of tobacco, while negligible between upper and middle parts of tobacco under the same ecological environment. Good stability and consistency were showed by the similarity of characteristics of tobaccos under different ecological environments, and the projection correlation coefficient of analysis set and validation set is over 98%. This article also proposes a method of measuring the similarity between characteristics of tobaccos from different ecological environments. The results can provide reference data to quantify tobacco’s planting programming, production processing and quality management.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 664-668 [Abstract] ( 1095 ) PDF (1925 KB) ( 612 )

	669	Research on Raman Spectra of Oxalic Acid During Decarboxylation under High Temperature and High Pressure
		WANG Hui-yuan, ZHENG Hai-fei^*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0669-04
		The present research studied the thermal stability of oxalic acid under high temperature and pressure and its in-situ transformation by Raman spectroscopy using a hydrothermal diamond anvil cell. Raman spectra allow the detection of ionic and covalent atomic aggregates through the acquisition of vibrational spectra that are characteristic of their structures and molecular bond types. The result showed that there was no change in characteristic vibrational Raman peaks of oxalic acid in the low-temperature stage. With the increase in temperature and pressure, the characteristic vibrational Raman peaks of oxalic acid became weaker and the peaks disappeared at a certain high temperature, and decarboxylation happened. Oxalic acid decomposes to produce CO₂ and H₂, according to the reaction: C₂H₂O₄—2CO₂+H₂. It was found that the decarboxylation was highly related with pressure and that the decarboxylation would be hindered at high pressure. Decarboxylation of oxalic acid under high temperature and pressure showed a linear relationship between temperature and pressure. The data fitting generated the formula: P(MPa)=12.839T(K)-5 953.7，R²=0.99. The molar volume change of decarboxylation of oxalic acid can be described by ΔV(cm^-3·mol^-1)=16.69-0.002P(MPa)+0.005 2T(K)，R²=0.99.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 669-672 [Abstract] ( 766 ) PDF (1769 KB) ( 606 )

	673	Raman Spectroscopic Study on the Fluid Effects in Dissolution and Phase Transition Mechanisms of Gypsum
		WANG Shi-xia^{1, 2}, ZHENG Hai-fei^2*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0673-03
		Raman spectroscopic studies on the process of dissolution and phase transition of gypsum in different fluids were taken. Gypsum took phase transition to be anhydrite in the range from 170 ℃ to 190 ℃ in pure water, and no more change happened with decreasing temperature to room temperature. Gypsum took phase transition to be anhydrite in the range from 170 ℃ to 190 ℃ too in Na₂SO₄ solution, but anhydrite can regain to be gypsum when temperature decreases to room temperature. The process of phase transition of gypsum in pure water is not reversible, but it happens in Na₂SO₄ solution. The study shows that fluid effects can influence the dissolution and phase transition mechanisms of minerals and cannot be ignored.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 673-675 [Abstract] ( 1100 ) PDF (1748 KB) ( 587 )

	676	Research on Raman Spectra of Isooctane at Ambient Temperature and Ambient Pressure to 1.2 GPa
		ZHANG Fei-fei, ZHENG Hai-fei^*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0676-05
		The experimental study of the Raman spectral character for liquid isooctane(2,2,4-trimethylpentane, ATM) was conducted by moissanite anvil cell at the pressure of 0～1.2 GPa and the ambient temperature. The results show that the Raman peaks of the C—H stretching vibration shift to higher frenquencies with increasing pressures. The relations between the system pressure and peaks positions is given as following: ν_{2 873}=0.002 8P+2 873.3; ν_{2 905}=0.004 8P+2 905.4; ν_{2 935}=0.002 7P+2 935.0; ν_{2 960}=0.012P+2 960.9. The Raman spectra of isooctane abruptly changed at the pressure about 1.0 GPa and the liquid-solid phase transition was observed by microscope. With the freezing pressure at ambient temperature and the melting temperature available at 1 atm, the authors got the liquid-solid phase diagram of isooctane. According to Clapeyron equation, the authors obtained the differences of volume and entropy for the liquid-solid phase transition of isooctane: ΔV_m=4.46×10^-6 m³·mol^-1 and ΔS=-30.32 J·K^-1·mol^-1.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 676-680 [Abstract] ( 1675 ) PDF (1882 KB) ( 613 )

	681	Vibrational Spectra of Black Species of Hetian Nephrite (Tremolite Jade) and Its Color Genesis
		YANG Xiao-dan¹, SHI Guang-hai¹, LIU Yan^{1, 2}
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0681-05
		Black nephrite is a very uncommon jade type currently found only at Karakashi. In order to study the spectral characteristics and color-genetic mechanism of the black nephrite, samples collected from Karakashi were studied using EMPA, IR, Raman and XRD. The results are as follows: nephrite with different color has nearly the same major chemical compostions, while the black ones contain higher carbon; nephrite with different color has similar vibration spectrum, while the black ones show characteristic peak of graphite. It is speculated that the color of black nephrite is not only related with actinolite, but also related with the graphite inclusions. Obviously, Raman spectra is a very important nondestructive method to identify the color genesis and the origin of the black nephrite.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 681-685 [Abstract] ( 571 ) PDF (2880 KB) ( 798 )

	686	Study of Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering of Trace Trinitrotoluene Based on Silver Colloid Nanoparticles
		ZHANG Chun-ling¹, LI Zhe¹, WU Zheng-long², HAN De-jun^1*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0686-05
		Trinitrotoluene (TNT), a representative nitroexplosive, attracts more and more attentions because of the urgent demand for trace analysis of explosives in recent years. The present study investigated the experiment condition of the surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of 10^-6 mol·L^-1 TNT solution, especially the influence of NaCl and basic hydrolysis. The results indicate that SERS spectra of TNT can not be obtained when preparing the SERS samples without NaCl, and it was also shown that the intensity of Raman peaks has a relationship with the concentration of NaCl. With the increase in the concentration of NaCl, the intensity of Raman peak at 1 392 cm^-1 has a maximum value. This report explained the reason why NaCl can affect the intensity of SERS theoretically. It was also shown that the SERS spectrum of TNT treated with basic hydrolysis is more intense than that without basic hydrolysis.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 686-690 [Abstract] ( 360 ) PDF (1861 KB) ( 656 )

	691	Variation of Raman Spectra of Oligoclase under 1.0～4.4 GPa
		XIE Chao, DU Jian-guo^*, CUI Yue-ju, CHEN Zhi, ZHANG Wei-bin, YI Li, DENG Li
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0691-04
		Variation of crystal structure of oligoclase with pressure was investigated by the approach of diamond anvil cell (DAC) and in situ micro-Raman spectroscopic measurement at room temperature and under pressures from 1.0 to 4.4 GPa. At 2.9 GPa a new peak round 517 cm^-1 appeared, and a new phase was produced. Near 3.4 GPa a major discontinuity occurs in the pressure dependence of 288 cm^-1 peak arising from the stretching mode of M—O, and 517 cm^-1 peak disappeared, it implied that the oligoclase underwent triclinic to monoclinic phase transition completely at about 3.4 GPa. The peaks at 458 and 516 cm^-1 peaks arising from flexural vibrational mode of Si—O—Si shifted linearly with the increasing pressures, the pressure-related slopes are 1.667 cm^-1/GPa and 3.560 cm^-1/GPa, respectively, whereas, the flexural vibrational mode of Al—O—Al at 480 cm^-1 did not shifted linearly with the increasing pressures. The position of 288 cm^-1 peak did not change obviously in comparision with 458, 516 and 480 cm^-1 peaks, which shifted to lower frequency during decompression. The phase transition pressure of feldspar relates to the species of cation in the octatomic rings.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 691-694 [Abstract] ( 1739 ) PDF (1759 KB) ( 673 )

	695	*Analysis of Pigments from Rhodotorula Glutinis* by Raman Spectroscopy and Thin Layer Chromatography**
		YUAN Yu-feng^{1, 2}, TAO Zhan-hua², WANG Xue^{1, 2}, LI Yong-qing³, LIU Jun-xian^1*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0695-04
		The pigments from Rhodotorula glutinis were separated by using thin layer chromatography, and the result showed that Rhodotorula glutinis cells could synthesize at least three kinds of pigments, which were beta-carotene, torulene, and torularhodin. The Raman spectra based on the three pigments were acquired, and original spectra were preprocessed by background elimination, baseline correction, and three-point-smoothing, then the averaged spectra from different pigments were investigated, and the result indicated that Raman shift which represents CC bond was different, and the wave number of beta-carotene demonstrated the largest deviation, finally torulene and torularhodin in Rhodotorula glutinis had more content than beta-carotene. Quantitative analysis of Raman peak height ratio revealed that peak height ratio of pigments showed little difference, which could be used as parameters for further research on living cells, providing reference content of pigments. The above results suggest that Raman spectroscopy combined with thin layer chromatography can be applied to analyze pigments from Rhodotorula glutinis, provides abundant information about pigments, and serves as an effective method to study pigments.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 695-698 [Abstract] ( 1762 ) PDF (1403 KB) ( 678 )

	699	Study of Aspirin and Its Interaction with DNA by Raman and UV Spectroscopies
		KANG Qian-qian, ZHOU Guang-ming^*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0699-04
		Normal Raman spectroscopy and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of aspirin and aspirin tablet were reported, and the vibrational and enhanced peaks were assigned; the interaction of aspirin with DNA was investigated by SERS and UV. The results showed that NRS and SERS of aspirin and aspirin tablet were consistent basically, which indicated that excipient hardly affected the detection of aspirin; in SERS, aspirin was absorbed perpendicularly on silver colloid through the carboxyl group and the benzene ring; The interaction was mainly caused by the inserting-action mode between aspirin and DNA, and the benzene ring and CO of aspirin were inserted between the base pair of the double helix structure of DNA, which provided important information and useful reference for understanding deeply the mechanism of action of this kind of drug.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 699-702 [Abstract] ( 2193 ) PDF (1640 KB) ( 567 )

	703	Optimization of Melamine Structure Using Density Functional Theory and Vibrational Spectra Studies
		GUO Mo-ran, REN Yu, ZHANG Tian-mu, SONG Wan-ying, JIN Mei-hui, SHI Xiao-guang, ZHANG Xi-he, CAI Hong-xing^*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0703-05
		Melamine was used in foodstuff and feed industry as a feed additive occasionally. In the present work, melamine geometry structure was optimized by density functional theory (DFT) method. Raman and infrared spectra were calculated based on MP2/6-31G sets and DFT/ DGTIVP sets, and then two theoretical Raman spectra were carefully compared with other experimental spectra. Good agreements were obtained between the theoretical and experimental results. Melamine structure parameters were given also in the paper including bond lengths and bond angles. Vibrational modes were assigned to all bands in the 550~4 000 cm^-1 range. This work will benefit the measurement research of the content of melamine in foods.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 703-707 [Abstract] ( 1696 ) PDF (1856 KB) ( 648 )

	708	Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectra Characteristics of DOM in a Subsurface Constructed Wetland for Advanced Treatment of Municipal Sewage Plant Effluent
		YANG Chang-ming, WANG Meng-meng, MA Rui, LI Jian-hua
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0708-06
		Composition and dynamics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) were analyzed in a horizontal subsurface constructed wetland for advanced treatment of municipal sewage plant effluent using three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy ( 3D-EEM). The results indicate that the two subsurface constructed wetlands performed excellent purification of organic substances, and the removal rates of COD_cr and DOC were 61.6% and 70.1%, respectively. The constructed wetland system filled with ceramsite showed slightly greater removal efficiency of organic substance than that with zeolite substrate Four different types of peaks such as aromatic protein-like compounds (S), soluble microbial byproducts (T), fulvic acid-like compounds, visible fulvic-like (M) and UV fulvic-like compounds (A) were found in DOM from inflow and outflow of the the subsurface wetlands based on the three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy analysis. The fluorescence intensity of the four peaks was signifcantly decreased in the effluent after purification by the subsurface constructed wetlands. Especially, the visible fulvic-like compounds and soluble microbial byproducts were effectively removed from the sewage plant effluent by the subsurface constructed wetland with fluorescence intensity reduction percentages of 16.4% and 11.7%. Aromatic structures of humic-like compounds were weakened and organic compounds with benzene rings were decreased in the outflow of the subsurface constructed wetland. This indicates that the subsurface constructed wetlands can decompose the chemically stable and biorefractory humic-like compounds. The fluorescence intensity of M and T peaks decreased along distance, while the fluorescence intensity of S peaks firstly increased, then decreased along the distance of the subsurface constructed wetlands. As compared to zeolite substrate constructed wetland system, the constructed wetland system filled with ceramsite was more effective to reduce the fluorescence intensity of characterized peaks of DOM from the sewage plant effluent.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 708-713 [Abstract] ( 1526 ) PDF (3143 KB) ( 582 )

	714	Application of PARAFAC Method and 3-D Fluorescence Spectra in Petroleum Pollutant Measurement and Analysis
		PAN Zhao, WANG Yu-tian, SHAO Xiao-qing, WU Xi-jun, YANG Li-li
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0714-05
		A method for identification and concentration measurement of petroleum pollutant by combining three-dimensional (3-D) fluorescence spectra with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) was proposed. The main emphasis of research was the measurement of coexisting different kinds of petroleum. The CCl₄ solutions of a 0^# diesel sample, a 97^# gasoline sample, and a kerosene sample were used as measurement objects. The condition of multiple petroleum coexistence was simulated by petroleum solutions with different mixed ratios. The character of PARAFAC in complex mixture coexisting system analysis was studied. The spectra of three kinds of solutions and the spectra of gasoline-diesel mixed samples, diesel-kerosene mixed samples, and gasoline-diesel mixed with small counts of kerosene interference samples were analyzed respectively. The core consistency diagnostic method and residual sum of squares method were applied to calculate the number of factors in PARAFAC. In gasoline-diesel experiment, gasoline or diesel can be identified and measured as a whole respectively by 2-factors parallel factors analysis. In diesel-kerosene experiment, 2-factors parallel factors analysis can only obtain the characters of diesel, and the 3rd factor is needed to separate the kerosene spectral character from the mixture spectrum. When small counts of kerosene exist in gasoline-diesel solution, gasoline and diesel still can be identified and measured as principal components by a 2-factors parallel factor analysis, and the effect of interference on qualitative analysis is not significant. The experiment verified that the PARAFAC method can obtain characteristic spectrum of each kind of petroleum, and the concentration of petroleum in solutions can be predicted simultaneously, with recoveries shown in the paper. The results showed the possibility of petroleum pollutant identification and concentration measurement based on the 3-D fluorescence spectra and PARAFAC.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 714-718 [Abstract] ( 1741 ) PDF (2146 KB) ( 654 )

	719	Investigation of Interaction between Riboflavin and Riboflavin Binding Protein by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
		WU Xiao-fen, CAI Zhao-xia, SUN Shu-guo, HUANG Qun, REN Guo-dong, HE Lan, MA Mei-hu^*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0719-04
		The interaction between riboflavin and egg white riboflavin binding protein (RBP) was investigated using fluorescence spectroscopy. The binding mode, binding constants, thermodynamic parameters between riboflavin and RBP and energy transfer were studied. The experimental results showed that riboflavin has the ability to quench the intrinsic fluorescence of RBP because of a complex formed, and the quenching mechanism is static quenching. The binding constants were 5.35×10⁸, 1.54×10⁸, 0.56×10⁸ L·mol^-1 at 298, 308 and 318 K, respectively. The thermodynamic parameters were calculated, which suggested hydrogen bonds and Van der Waals played a major role in the interaction. The distance and efficiency of energy transfer between riboflavin and RBP were 0.70 nm and 0.39, respectively, based on the theory of Frster nonradiative energy transfer. Furthermore, the synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy was utilized to investigate the conformational transformation.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 719-722 [Abstract] ( 1738 ) PDF (1693 KB) ( 727 )

	723	Synthesis and Characterization of Mixed Metal Oxide Pigments
		DING Jie^1，2, YUE Shi-juan^2，3, LIU Cui-ge³, WEI Yong-ju³, MENG Tao⁴, JIANG Han-jie⁵, SHI Yong-zheng⁴, XU Yi-zhuang^2, YU Jiang^1, WU Jin-guang²
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0723-06
		In the present work, aluminum chloride and various soluble salts of doping ions were dissolved in water. In addition, urea and polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) were also dissolved in the above aqueous solution under supersonic treatments. Then the solutions were heated to induce the hydrolysis of urea so that soluble aluminum and doping ions convert into insoluble hydroxide or carbonate gels. After calcinations, the obtained gels change to mixed metal oxide pigments whose color is related to type and concentrations of the doping ions. XRD characterization demonstrates that the diffraction patterns of the products are the same as that of α-alumina. Diffuse reflectance spectra of samples of the samples in UV-Vis regions show that the absorption bands for d—d transitions of the doping ions undergo considerable change as the coordinate environments change. In addition, L^, a^ and b^* values of the pigments were measured by using UV-Vis densitometer. SEM results indicate that the size of the pigment powders is in the range 200~300 nm. The pigments are quite stable since no evidence of dissolution was observed after the synthesized pigment is soaked for 24 hours. ICP test shows that very little amount of doped metal occurs in the corresponding filtrate. The above results suggest that these new kinds of mixed metal oxide pigments are stable, non-toxic, environmental friendly and they may be applicable in molten spinning process and provide a new chance for non-aqueous printing and dyeing industry.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 723-728 [Abstract] ( 1539 ) PDF (2041 KB) ( 961 )

	729	Partitioning of the Suspended Particulate Spectral Scattering Coefficient in Poyang Lake
		CHEN Li-qiong¹, CHEN Xiao-ling^{1, 2, 3}, TIAN Li-qiao^1*, QIU Feng¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0729-05
		A model for partitioning the particulate scattering coefficient into the contributions of suspended mineral particle and organic particle was proposed based on the measured data. The independent variables, i.e. the concentrations of mineral particles and organic particles in this study, were used to determine the mass-specific scattering cross section with the concurrent total suspended particulate scattering coefficients collected during the field trip in Poyang Lake 2009. Results show that the scattering spectra of inorganic particles and organic particles can be successful derived by the proposed model, and the reconstructed total particulate scattering coefficients are in better agreement with the measured values by the ordinary least square linear regression. For the whole South Poyang Lake, mean absolute percentage errors between the measured scattering coefficients and reconstructed value were less than 25% over the main remote sensing effective wavebands such as 440, 532, 555 and 676 nm. A remarkable lower predicted error, which can be controlled within 15%, were found at all stations with higher concentration of total suspended matters, while the spectral partitioning is less efficient at stations with total suspended particle concentration less than 15 mg·L^-1. Particulate scattering spectrum retrieved by RMA shows that illite and montmorillonite are the major constituents of inorganic matters which dominate the light scattering properties of Poyang Lake. It is possible that scattering spectrum partitioned by the model could infer the major effective components in waters, and could be used to predict particulate scattering properties for highly turbid waters.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 729-733 [Abstract] ( 1463 ) PDF (1415 KB) ( 585 )

	734	Spectral Analysis of the Reaction of CH₄ with CO₂ as Oxidant under Plasma at Atmospheric Pressure
		ZHAI Lin-yan¹，YU Miao¹，ZHOU Qian¹，YUAN Xue-de²，ZHANG Xiu-ling^2*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0734-05
		The optical emission spectrometry (OES) of methane ranging from 200 to 900 nm under plasma with different carbon dioxide contents were recorded and marked. Various reactive species in methane plasma such as: CH_n(n=3，2，1)，H，C₂，C，C⁺，CO₂⁺，O，CO⁺，OH and CHO were detected in situ by OES with different CO₂ contents at atmospheric pressure. The relative intensity of reactive species was different with different CO₂ contents. The relative intensity of O reactive specie was increased rapidly and C₂ reactive specie was reduced gradually with increasing CO₂ contents. Reactive O from the dissociation of CO₂ had an obvious influence on the methane conversion. The mechanism of methane conversion was changed when CO₂ contents increased. The coupling of methane to C₂ hydrocarbons was the main reaction when CO₂ contents were smaller than 30%, while the reforming of methane played a dominant role when CO₂ contents higher than 30%.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 734-738 [Abstract] ( 1793 ) PDF (1961 KB) ( 551 )

	739	Effect of Spectral Resolution on Black Soil Organic Matter Content Predicting Model Based on Laboratory Reflectance
		LIU Huan-jun^{1, 2}, WU Bing-fang^1*, ZHAO Chun-jiang², ZHAO Yun-sheng³
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0739-04
		Laboratory reflectance of Black soil samples was re-sampled with different spectral resolution, and the correlation between soil organic matter (OM) and reflectance, spectral variables was analyzed to study the effect of spectral resolution on black soil OM predicting model. The results are as follows: the spectral response range of black soil OM is between 445 and 1 380 nm, high OM content shades the spectral effect of other soil properties. The precision of black soil OM predicting models increases and decreases with spectral resolution, and the maximum accuracy is at 50 nm, which is wider than hyperspectral resolution, and narrower than the bandwidth of multispectral sensors; with the derivative of logarithmic reflectance reciprocal as input variables, the optimal black soil organic matter predicting model shows high accuracy, with R²=0.799 and RMSE=0.439; the results can provide the academic and technical support for soil organic matter remote sensing reversing and quick instrument developing.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 739-742 [Abstract] ( 563 ) PDF (1288 KB) ( 666 )

	743	Typical Plant Spectral Characteristics Analysis in Wild Duck Lake along Water Environment Gradient
		ZHANG Yi-ran, GONG Zhao-ning^*, ZHAO Wen-ji
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0743-06
		Typical submerged plants, floating plants, emerged plants, hygrophyte plants, and mesophyte plants were chosen, and derivative method and continuum removal method were used to analyze the spectral characteristics and changing trend of plants along water environment gradient. Emerged plants and hygrophyte plants have the highest reflectance value; floating plants have lower value, while submerged plants take the lowest reflectance value due to the effect of water surface. Derivative method could emphasize the changed trends of original spectral curve, thus more characteristic bands could take on. Spectral curves reached the fastest increasing points around 520 and 710 nm, which could be considered as characteristics bands to distinguish submerged plants and others. Emerged plants and hygrophyte plants have the peak green value. According to water environment gradient from high to low, the red edges of submerged plants, floating plants and emerged plants increase, while hygrophyte plants and mesophyte plants have lower red edge value. Original spectral curves were translated to absorption curves by continuum removal, the absorption depth changes from low to high as follows: submerged plants<floating plants<merged plants<hygrophyte plants, while that is lower for mesophyte plants compared to hygrophyte plants. Absorption area increased along water environment gradient from high to low except mesophyte plants.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 743-748 [Abstract] ( 154 ) PDF (2761 KB) ( 615 )

	749	*Spectrometric Characteristics and Underlying Mechanisms of Protective Effects of Selenium on Spirulina Platensis* against Oxidative Stress**
		WU Hua-lian, CHEN Tian-feng^, YIN Xi, ZHENG Wen-jie^
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0749-06
		To investigate the possibility and the underlying mechanisms of sodium selenite as antagonist for oxidative stress, the authors examined the effects of pretreatment with selenium on the growth, morphology, spectrometric characteristics and content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Spirulina platensis (S. platensis) exposed to H₂O₂ stress for 24 h in the present study. The results showed that H₂O₂ induced obvious inhibition of growth and serious morphological damage. The intensity of absorbance peak at 440 nm increased, whereas the peaks at 620 and 680 nm decreased after exposed to H₂O₂. The emission and excitation spectrum of S. platensis decreased dramatically after H₂O₂ treatment, and the emission peak from phycocyanin exhibited blue-shift from 660 to 650 nm. The results of FTIR analysis showed that the positions of transmission peaks had no shift, but the relative intensity of characteristic bands from protein and polypeptides including amide Ⅰ and amide Ⅱ decreased. Furthermore, the intracellular ROS generation in S. platensis increased significantly in response to H₂O₂ treatment. In contrast, pretreatments of the cells with selenium for 24 h significantly prevented the H₂O₂-induced oxidative damages in a dose-dependent manner. Taken together, our results indicate that pretreatments with selenium could prevent ROS overproduction in S. platensis and improve its antioxidant ability. Moreover, selenium could also reduce the effects of free radicals on energy harvest and energy transfer in S. platensis that play vital roles in its photosynthesis.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 749-754 [Abstract] ( 1642 ) PDF (2314 KB) ( 526 )

	755	Study on Detection of Changes in Tissue Structure and Composition by Using Virtual Internal Hyper-Spectrum of Body Surface
		LIN Ling¹, WU Hong-jie¹, ZHAO Li-ying¹, LI Gang¹, ZHANG Bao-ju², WU Jin-cheng^2*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0755-05
		Purposed to achieve the detection of changes in tissue structure and composition simultaneously by virtual internal hyper-spectrum of body surface (VIHBS), we designed the VIHBS system containing modulated light, translation stage device for data acquisition and spectrometer. In the present study, pork meat as the experimental subject was equally divided into three pieces. One piece was used for a control study, and the others were separately embedded with red filter and injected into highly scattering intralipid to imitate the changes in tissue structure and composition. And then, data acquisition of 17 points started at source fiber was taken at intervals of 0.5 mm. The results showed that modulated light can effectively inhibit the influences of ambient light and dark current created by optoelectronic devices. In addition, VIHBS technology achieved the locating of red filter by visible-light and the rapid screening of changes in tissue composition caused by intralipid with near infrared light. The study suggests that it is much feasible to detect the changes in tissue structure and composition by VIHBS. And it is concluded that further research will be likely to provide a new method to realize the early diagnosis and screening of human skin.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 755-759 [Abstract] ( 652 ) PDF (2412 KB) ( 494 )

	760	Method of Fast and Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy Based on Mathematical Morphology
		GAO Wei-wei, SHEN Jian-xin, WANG Yu-liang
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0760-05
		The technology of automated detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) on fundus retinal images can not only make mass screening possible, but also offer a powerful adjunct for early diagnosis, treatment of diabetic retinopathy, and scientific research on human vision. For this purpose, an algorithm based on mathematical morphology for automated detection of diabetic retinopathy was proposed. Firstly, the optic disc was segmented by mathematical morphology and threshold in order to find candidate regions possibly containing lesions. Secondly, some methods such as morphological reconstruction were applied to find the exact contours of lesions. Finally, the true lesions were found out exactly. Experimental results showed that the algorithm was fast and effective in detecting diabetic retinopathy of fundus retinal images.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 760-764 [Abstract] ( 591 ) PDF (1746 KB) ( 579 )

	765	Investigation of the Enrichment and Separation of Lead and Lead Isotopes in Simulated Blood Matrix
		WU Jing^1，4, OUYANG Li^1，3*, TANG Xiao-ping², LIU Tie-bing¹, LIU Duo-jian¹, WANG Jing-yu^1，3
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0765-05
		The enrichment and separation method was used in the present paper to overcome the influence of matrix effect on the determination of lead concentration and isotope ratios. The patented method was used to enrich and separate the lead in simulated blood matrix; the lead concentrations and isotope ratios were determined by ICP-MS before and after enrichment and separation. The recovery rate of Pb is more than 99% through this method while the removal rate of major impurity ions such as Na, K is about 80%. The concentrations of each lead isotope decrease with the matrix concentration increasing (p<0.001), and lead isotope ratios show no significant differences in the matrix of different concentrations. When the matrix concentration is more than 62.5 μg·mL^-1, the strength will decrease with the determination times increasing. It was concluded that the characteristics of this method are of high recovery rate (>99%), fast, simple and convenient, and it can raise the accuracy and precision of the concentration determination of lead isotopes and has no significant influence on the accuracy of lead isotope ratios determination.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 765-769 [Abstract] ( 1563 ) PDF (1418 KB) ( 556 )

	770	Study on the Experimental Application of Floating-Reference Method to Noninvasive Blood Glucose Sensing
		YU Hui^1,2, QI Dan¹, LI Heng-da¹, XU Ke-xin^3*, YUAN Wei-jie¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0770-05
		Weak signal, low instrument signal-to-noise ratio, continuous variation of human physiological environment and the interferences from other components in blood make it difficult to extract the blood glucose information from near infrared spectrum in noninvasive blood glucose measurement. The floating-reference method, which analyses the effect of glucose concentration variation on absorption coefficient and scattering coefficient, gets spectrum at the reference point and the measurement point where the light intensity variations from absorption and scattering are counteractive and biggest respectively. By using the spectrum from reference point as reference, floating-reference method can reduce the interferences from variation of physiological environment and experiment circumstance. In the present paper, the effectiveness of floating-reference method working on improving prediction precision and stability was assessed through application experiments. The comparison was made between models whose data were processed with and without floating-reference method. The results showed that the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) decreased by 34.7% maximally. The floating-reference method could reduce the influences of changes of samples’ state, instrument noises and drift, and improve the models’ prediction precision and stability effectively.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 770-774 [Abstract] ( 1520 ) PDF (2043 KB) ( 528 )

	775	The Monitoring of Haze from HJ-1
		WANG Zhong-ting², LI Qing^1,2, LI Shen-shen³, CHEN Liang-fu³, ZHOU Chun-yan², WANG Zi-feng¹, ZHANG Li-juan¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0775-06
		With the urbanizing in China, haze days occur frequently, which have largely impacted air quality. In the present paper, based on haze physical properties, haze optical properties were calculated by Mie theory and apparent reflectance of haze in Environment Satellite 1 (HJ-1) channels was simulated by Radiative Transfer (RT) 3. Simulated results show that it is reasonable to extract the haze from apparent reflectance in the first and second channels. By Deep Blue algorithm, Haze Optical Depth (HOD) was retrieved from HJ-1 data supported by reflectance database from MODIS product. From HJ-1 data in 2009 over Beijing area, the haze days were monitored and validated by AERONET/PHOTONS Beijing site. The validation shows that the correlation coefficient of HOD is greater than 0.9, but HOD from HJ-1 is greater than that from ground-based measurements. The discussions show that the error from reflectance database is less than 0.1 and radiance resolution of HJ-1 needs to advance for haze monitoring.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 775-780 [Abstract] ( 1034 ) PDF (2178 KB) ( 786 )

	781	Spatial Resolution Standardization of Payload on Board of Remote Sensing Satellite Based on Application Requirements
		WEI Xiang-qin^{1, 2}, GU Xing-fa^{1, 2}, YU Tao^{1, 2}, MENG Qing-yan^{1, 2}, LI Bin^{1, 2}, GUO Hong^{1, 2},
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0781-05
		Remote sensing application requirements are the starting point for design of payload on board earth observation satellite. The generalization, standardization and serialization of payload are the future development trend for payload design. In the present paper, based on the analysis of remote sensing application requirements, the spatial resolution standardization of satellite remote sensing payload, which is the main concerned indicator, was investigated. The design standards of national payload spatial resolution of earth observation satellite are presented, which are important to the promotion of satellite payload production and saving in design cost.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 781-785 [Abstract] ( 1708 ) PDF (1020 KB) ( 602 )

	786	Analysis of the Effect of Detector’s Operating Temperature on SNR in Space-Based Remote Sensor
		LI Zhan-feng^1,2, WANG Shu-rong^1*, HUANG Yu¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0786-04
		Limb viewing is a new viewing geometry for space-based atmospheric remote sensing, but the spectral radiance of atmosphere scattering reduces rapidly with limb height. So the signal-noise-ratio (SNR) is a key performance parameter of limb remote sensor. A SNR model varying with detector’s temperature is proposed, based on analysis of spectral radiative transfer and noise’ source in representative instruments. The SNR at limb height 70km under space conditions was validated by simulation experiment on limb remote sensing spectrometer prototype. Theoretic analysis and experiment’s results indicate congruously that when detector’s temperature reduces to some extent, a maximum SNR will be reached. After considering the power consumption, thermal conductivity and other issues, optimal operating temperature of detector can be decided.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 786-789 [Abstract] ( 814 ) PDF (1441 KB) ( 544 )

	790	Advance in the Study of the Powdered Weathering Profile of Sandstone on China Yungang Grottoes Based on VIS/NIR Hyperspectral Imaging
		ZHOU Xiao¹, GAO Feng^{1, 2}, ZHANG Ai-wu³, ZHOU Ke-chao²
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0790-05
		Yungang Grottoes were built in the mid-5th century A.D., and named as a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2001. Most of the grottoes were built on the feldspathic quartz sandstones. They were seriously damaged due to the environmental impact. The main form of the weathering is the powdered weathering. The weathering conditions are generally characterized by electrical sounding, penetration resistance, molecular spectroscopy, etc. However, although these methods can give good results about the weathering conditions for a specified sample or site, they are not suitable for providing a global profile of the weathering conditions. The present paper provides a method for effectively and roundly assessing the overall powdered weathering conditions of the Yungang Grottoes based on hyperspectral imaging. Powdered weathering could change the structure and granularity of the sandstone, and thus change the spectral reflectance of the sandstone surface. Based on the hyperspectral data collected from 400 nm to 1 000 nm and normalized by log residuals method, the powdered weathering conditions of the sandstones were classified into strong weathering and weak weathering. The weathering profile was also mapped in the Envi platform. The mapping images were verified using the measured hyperspectal data of the columns in front of the 9th and 10th grottoes as the examples. The mapping images were substantially fitted to the real observations, showing that hyperspectral imaging can be used to estimate the overall powdered weathering of the sandstones.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 790-794 [Abstract] ( 1115 ) PDF (1870 KB) ( 497 )

	795	Feasibility of Composition Analysis of Complex Mixed Solution by Hyperspectral Technique
		LI Gang¹, XIONG Chan¹, LIN Ling¹, TONG Ying², ZHANG Bao-ju^2*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0795-05
		The complex mixed solution is a common material form in all walks of life. It was difficult to achieve the desired results if the complex mixed solution was detected by the traditional spectral analysis method. The hyperspectral technology was taken to detect the complex mixed solution to improve the signal to noise ratio of the spectrum by utilizing the absorbing and scattering characteristics of the analytes at the same time. A hyperspectral acquisition device was designed to collect the diffuse reflectance hyperspectral images of the analytes (Intralipid-10%). The Monte Carlo simulation and the diffuse approximation were used to validate the experimental device. The authors found that the absorption coefficient of the Intralipid-10% at 632 nm was 0.002 0 cm^-1 and the reduced scattering coefficient was 63.35 cm^-1; the corresponding relative error of the standard reference was 11.1% and 6.49%. The inversion result of the diffuse approximation validated the exactness of the experimental device. Finally, the hyperspectral images of milk and fruit juice from different manufacturers were taken, the images show that the differences between different samples were more obvious than that of traditional 2-dimensional spectrum. This research reveals that the hyperspectral technology is feasible in the component analysis of complex mixed solution.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 795-799 [Abstract] ( 1054 ) PDF (2055 KB) ( 518 )

	800	Nonlinear Spectral Imaging of DNA Specimens Derived from Tumor Cells Based on Second Harmonic Generation
		LUO Dong-mei¹, DENG Xiao-yuan¹, ZHUO Shuang-mu², TAN Shu-wen¹, ZHUANG Zheng-fei¹, JIN Ying^1*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0800-05
		Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a second-order nonlinear optical process that has symmetry constraints confining signal to regions lacking a center of symmetry. Using SHG microscopy, a variety of tissue structures have noninvasively been imaged by virtue of intrinsic signal generated by structured proteins such as collagen fibrils in connective tissues or the actomyosin lattice of muscle cells. In biochemistry and structure biology, the high-level structures of DNA and protein macro-molecules are similar in constructing mechanism, although DNAs consist of deoxynucleotides and proteins of amino acid residues. The principal purpose of present work is to detect the SHG signal from different DNA samples by spectral imaging technology based on two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and SHG. These DNA samples include the solution of genomic DNA and extracted nuclei, and cultured living cells. Results show that we can obtain the SHG signal from solution of genomic DNA and extracted nuclei in routine condition, but nothing from cultured cell nuclei. After adding a little of absolute ethanol (less than 5% by volume) in culture medium, the SHG signal is detectable in the interested region of nuclei. The findings suggest that the interaction between ethanol and DNA in living cell gives rise to the shift of molecular conformation, and this shift changes some nonlinear optical properties of DNA molecules.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 800-804 [Abstract] ( 682 ) PDF (1440 KB) ( 506 )

	805	Synthesis and Spectral Studies of Nickel(Ⅱ) Complex of 2,6-Bis [N-(1,1’-Dimethyl-2’-Hydroxy)Carbamoyl]Pyridine
		LUO Shi-xia¹, CHEN Xiao-jing¹,ZHU Huai-wu¹, ZHANG Xiao-yi¹, WEI Gang^2*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0805-04
		The ligand of 2,6-bis[N-(1,1’-dimethyl-2’-hydroxy)carbamoyl]pyridine and its nickel(Ⅱ) complex were synthesized and characterized by using ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR, FTIR, UV-Vis and elemental analysis, and the complex formulae of C₁₅H₂₁N₃O₄Ni·H₂O were determined. The spectral property of the free ligand and its nickel(Ⅱ) complex was discussed with the comparison method, and then the structure of nickel(Ⅱ) complex was determined. The spectral analysis results show that 2,6-bis[N-(1,1’-dimethyl-2’-hydroxy)carbamoyl]pyridine acts as a tridentate ligand, coordinating through two nitrogen atoms of amide anion and one nitrogen atom of aromatic pyridine-ring, and the nickel(Ⅱ) ion is a four-coordinated geometry with dsp² hybrid orbitals for bonding these coordinating atoms. The target complex is a square planar low-spin nickel(Ⅱ) coordination compound, and a nickel(Ⅱ) ion coordinates to a tridentate ligand and one coordination water molecule.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 805-808 [Abstract] ( 1699 ) PDF (1093 KB) ( 527 )

	809	Determination of 9 Heavy Metal Elements in Sediment by ICP-MS Using Microwave Digestion for Sample Preparation
		LIANG Shu-xuan, WANG Xin, WU Hong, SUN Han-wen^*
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0809-04
		A method for determining 9 heavy metal elements in soil and sediment was developed by using microwave digestion-ICP-MS. The mixture of HNO₃-H₂O₂-HF was found to give the best digestion results for soil and sediment of samples. Under the optimized conditions, the samples were analyzed by ICP-MS with the triple internal standard elements Ge, In and Bi. The results showed that all their correlation coefficients were over 0.999. The national standard soil referenee material (ESS-1 GSBZ50011-88) was analyzed by the described method and the results were accorded with the reference values. The measurement precision range was from 0.48％ to 5.73％ in terms of relative standard deviation.The recoveries and the limits of detection were in the ranges of 98.0％ to 100.7％ and 0.011 to 0.328 μg·L^-1 respectively, and 11 sediment samples were determined by the proposed method. It was indicated that the method was reliable for determining heavy metal elements in soil and sediment samples.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 809-812 [Abstract] ( 544 ) PDF (1194 KB) ( 651 )

	813	Determination of Arsenic, Mercury and Selenium in Gynostemma Pentaphyllum and Rhizospheric Soil Samples Collected from Different Regions by Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
		WANG Jing, XIAO Ya-ping^*, LIANG Xiao-qing, SHAO Xian-hui, ZHANG Ke
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0813-04
		The contents of arsenic(As), mercury(Hg) and selenium(Se) in Gynostemma pentaphyllum and rhizospheric soil samples collected from seven provinces were determined, through the optimization of the hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry working conditions. The results show that: the contents of As, Hg and Se in Gynostemma pentaphyllum from seven provinces revealed large differences, but compared with the limits of the two kinds of heavy metal element: As and Hg set by the Green Trade Standards of Importing & Exporting Medicinal Plants & Preparations (As≤2.0 mg·kg^-1, Hg≤0.2 mg·kg^-1), the As and Hg contents in Gynostemma pentaphyllum samples are both lower than them. The Se content in Gynostemma pentaphyllum samples and in rhizospheric soil samples revealed significant correlation, and as a result, the Gynostemma pentaphyllum from the Fu Xi area Enshi in Hu Bei province had obviously higher Se content than others in the 6 provinces. From this study, a preliminary conclusion can be drawn that Se in Gynostemma pentaphyllum is mainly from the soil, moreover, the As and Hg show the difference from Se, possibly they are still affected by the dry and wet deposition of atmospheric aerosols.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 813-816 [Abstract] ( 1154 ) PDF (958 KB) ( 495 )

	817	FI-KR Non-Separated Method Coupled with FAAS for the Determination of Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) in Water
		WANG Zhong-yuan¹, ZHANG Hong-kang^2*, FANG Hong-da¹, SU Yao-dong³, Gauri S Mittal⁴
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0817-04
		An FI-KR non-separated method coupled with FAAS for the determination of Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) was developed. With 60 s of sampling at a flow rate of 6.0 mL·min^-1, EF of 41 for Fe(Ⅲ) and 9 for Fe(Ⅱ) were obtained. The precision(RSD，n=11) for Fe(Ⅲ) and Fe(Ⅱ) was 2.3% and 3.1% at the 0.04 mg·L^-1 level respectively. When 0.1 ‰φ TEA was used as masking reagent, the recovery rate for Fe(Ⅲ) and Fe(Ⅱ) was from 97% to 101 % and from 96% to 100% respectively.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 817-820 [Abstract] ( 1684 ) PDF (1373 KB) ( 492 )

	821	In Vivo Determination of Pb in Human Bone by Using X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis
		LUO Li-qiang¹, XU Tao¹, CHU Bin-bin¹, SUN Jian-ling¹, Egden L², Chettle D², WANG Xiao-fang¹, BO Ying¹, LIU Ying¹, WANG Shu-xian¹, TANG Li-jun¹, LI Ying-chun¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0821-05
		The data of in vivo XRF Pb in human bone were obtained within China by using the in vivo XRF set. The K series X-ray of Pb were applied to determine the in vivo Pb concentration in tibia and calcaneus among Chinese mainland residents. For general population, the weighted average of Pb in bone was 0.4～22.7 μg·(lead g bone mineral)^-1. The uncertainty was 7.0～12.5 μg·(lead g bone mineral)^-1, and the average minimun detection limit was 20.3μg·(lead g bone mineral)^-1. For residents from pollution area, the maximum Pb in bone reached up to 73.9 μg·(lead g bone mineral)^-1.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 821-825 [Abstract] ( 1792 ) PDF (1176 KB) ( 630 )

	826	Analysis of Heavy Metal in Soil with Portable X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
		HAN Ping, WANG Ji-hua^*, LU An-xiang, MA Zhi-hong, PAN Li-gang
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0826-04
		The concentrations of main heavy metal pollutants (Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and As) in soil were tested by NITON XL3 600 portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (PXRF). The results showed that the minimum?detection limits for elements Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr and As were 23.96, 11.69, 8.58, 19.23, 6.24 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The soil composition standard material GSS-5 was detected by PXRF for 5 replicate measurements, The accuracy was 96%～102% and relative standard deviations (RSD) was 1.0%～7.6%. In term of field situ testing, RSD was less than 20%, and accuracy was 55%～119%. The performance was assessed by laboratory testing and field situ detection, and the results indicated that PXRF is effective for rapid, quantitative monitoring of soil metal contamination.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 826-829 [Abstract] ( 1228 ) PDF (1203 KB) ( 970 )

	830	Optical System Design of Plane Grating Double Monochromator
		KOU Jie-ting^{1, 2}, Bayanheshig^1*, TANG Yu-guo¹, QI Xiang-dong¹, YU Hong-zhu¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0830-04
		The plane grating double monochromator is the important part of the instrument for testing diffraction efficiency of plane grating, and in order to accomplish the research of the instrument, the optical system design and simulation of the plane grating double monochromator was investigated. The instrument mainly consists of light source, front monochromator, testing monochromator and detector, and combined with the practical requirement, the corresponding light source, detector and the structure of the optical path were selected. According to the design requirement, the design and simulation of the optical system of the front monochromator and testing monochromator were done respectively, and the spot diagram of the image surface and the results of real ray trace were given. The analysis showed that in the front monochromator the maximum width of the exit spot and the maximum height of the exit spot were 0.33 and 1.83 mm respectively. On the other hand, in the testing monochromator, the maximum width of the exit spot and the maximum height of the exit spot were 0.66 and 7.27 mm, respectively. Through selecting the size of the exit slit properly, the system can work without luminous flux lost, which guarantees the testing precision of the optical system of the instrument.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 830-833 [Abstract] ( 1355 ) PDF (1417 KB) ( 668 )

	834	Design of Optical System for Solar Extreme-Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer
		LIU Zhuang^1,2, GONG Yan¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0834-05
		Hyper-spectral imaging observation of the sun in the EUV region is an important method of research for solar’s upper transition region, corona and plasma’s physical property. Based on the application objective of solar extreme ultraviolet imaging spectrometer(SEUIS), combined with the current states of domestic and foreign extreme ultraviolet imaging spectrometer, a few of parameters for SEUIS design were drew up in the present paper. The advantages and disadvantages of all kinds of optical configurations were discussed, and the configuration of combination of telescope and spectrometer was chosen. The available main components were also described, off-axis parabolic mirror was chosen for telescope, and a high density uniform-line-space toroidal grating for dispersion device. The optical system which satisfies the performance parameters was designed. The design process, detailed parameters and results were presented in the end. The working wavelength of the optics system is 17.0~21.0 nm, the field of view is 1 228″×1 024″, the spatial resolution is 0.8 arc sec·pixel^-1, the spectral resolution is about 0.00198 nm·pixel^-1, and the total length of system is about 2.8 m.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 834-838 [Abstract] ( 909 ) PDF (1791 KB) ( 645 )

	839	The Integrative Design for Imaging Spectrometer
		CUI Ji-cheng^{1, 2}, LIU Yu-juan^{1, 2}, PAN Ming-zhong¹, TANG Yu-guo¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0839-05
		The hyperspectrum imaging spectrometer will achieve miniaturization and high spectrum resolution and high space resolution along with development of the hyperspectrum imaging technology that is becoming a trend. This trend requires the designers to improve and optimize their designing constantly in designing the instruments. The present paper carried out a method of integrative design for imaging spectrometer. This method suggested that the design and optimization work of the disperse systems of imaging spectrometers would take into account the whole systems, but not consider themselves only. It would get a perfect result by using this method. This paper also explained in details how the method can be used in the design course of imaging spectrometer with convex grating which has been used widely recently. Finally, this paper validated the method by testing the imaging spectrometer with convex grating, which was developed using this method.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 839-843 [Abstract] ( 937 ) PDF (2299 KB) ( 628 )

	844	Study on Far Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer with Grating Dispersion for Atmosphere Remote Sensing
		YU Lei^1,2, WANG Shu-rong¹, LIN Guan-yu¹, QU Yi¹, WANG Long-qi¹
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0844-05
		The far ultraviolet imaging spectrometer with grating dispersion is mainly used in the detection of the ionosphere, thermosphere, auroral zone and glow zone. It is important for the study and application of the remote sensing of atmosphere in China. We designed two optical systems for the far ultraviolet imaging spectrometer, and obtained the plane grating structure prototype based on the principles of nadir and limb atmospheric sounding. The prototype working at the waveband of 120~180 nm consists of an off-axis parabolic mirror and an advanced Czerny-Turner spectral imaging system. The far ultraviolet response back-illuminating CCD is adopted as the detector. The corresponding experiment system was built to calibrate the basic performances of the spectrometer prototype. The spectral and spatial resolutions are 2 nm and 0.5 mrad respectively. The far ultraviolet imaging spectrometer prototype plays an important role in the study and application of atmospheric remote sensing.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 844-848 [Abstract] ( 1196 ) PDF (7587 KB) ( 504 )

	849	Position Acquiring of Signal Spots in the Echelle Spectrograph
		HE Miao^1,2, TANG Yu-guo^1*, CHEN Shao-jie^1,2, Bayanheshig¹, CUI Ji-cheng^1,2
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0849-05
		It is important for the echelle spectrograph to acquire the exact positions of the spots in the two-dimension spectra image, which directly influence the precision of spectral analysis. With the target of high resolution, which is 15 000 in the echelle spectrograph being discussed, the acquired positional error must be less than 0.03 mm-which equals 2 pixels. According to the characters of the two-dimensional spectra, a position-acquiring method for the signal spots based on the centroid computing algorithm was put forward. Applying this method, the signal spots were distinguished from the noise spots and their positions can be acquired accurately and swiftly, with the positional error less than 2 pixels and wavelength error 0.02 nm, which satisfy the requirements of the echelle spectrograph.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 849-853 [Abstract] ( 1717 ) PDF (1875 KB) ( 574 )

	854	Design and Experiment of Micro Biochemical Detector Based on Micro Spectrometer
		YU Qing-hua^{1, 2, 3, 5}, WEN Zhi-yu^{1, 2, 3*}, CHEN Gang^{1, 2, 3}, DAI Wei-wei⁴, LIU Nian-ci^{1, 2, 3}, WU Xin^{1, 2, 3}
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0854-04
		According to the requirements of rapid detection of important life parameters for the sick and wounded, a new micro bio-chemical detection configuration was proposed utilizing continuous spectroscopy analysis, which was founded on MOEMS and embedded technology. The configuration was developed as so much research work was carried out on the detecting objects and methods. Important parameters such as stray light, absorbance linearity, absorbance ratability, stability and temperature accuracy of the instrument were tested, which are all in good agreement with the design requirements. Clinic tests show that it can detect multiple life parameters quickly (Na⁺, GLU, Hb eg.).
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 854-857 [Abstract] ( 551 ) PDF (1375 KB) ( 686 )

	858	Design of a Controllable Low Temperature Cell and Application
		GAO Wei^{1, 2}, CAO Zhen-song^{1, 2}, YUAN Yi-qian^{1, 2}, GAO Xiao-ming^{1, 2*}
		DOI: 10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2012)03-0858-04
		A new cryogenic cell was developed and could operate at any stabilized temperature ranging from room temperature down to 100 K with temperature fluctuation less than ± 1 K. The structure and performance of the cryogenic cell was given in detail and the temperature stability of the sample cell was evaluated. The methane low temperature absorption spectra at 1.65 μm were recorded at 296, 248, 198 and 176 K and while the characteristic of methane low temperature absorption spectra at 6 039.70 cm^-1 was given. According to the characteristic of our cryogenic cell, we measured the temperature-dependent exponent n of self-broadening coefficient at 6 039.657 9 cm^-1.
		2012 Vol. 32 (03): 858-861 [Abstract] ( 1676 ) PDF (1721 KB) ( 612 )

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