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| Metal Ions Fluorescence Quenching and Correcting on Dissolved Organic Matter in Drinking Water Using Fluorescence Excitation-Emission Matrix and Parallel Factor Analysis |
| ZHAO Shan1,2,3, YIN Gao-fang1,3, ZHAO Nan-jing1,3*, YANG Rui-fang1,3, XIAO Xue1,3, LIU Jian-guo1,3, LIU Wen-qing1,3 |
1. Key Laboratory of Environmental Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
2. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
3. Key Laboratory of Optical Monitoring Technology for Environment, Hefei 230031, China |
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Abstract There are several challenges with quantitative analysis of fluorescence components of dissolved organic matter (DOM) stem from the variability of fluorescence intensity, which is known to be highly influenced by metal ions. The quenching effect of metal ions (Cu(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ), Ni(Ⅱ), Sr(Ⅱ), Hg(Ⅱ), K(Ⅰ), Mg(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅱ)) on the typical components of DOM in drinking water was explored using fluorescence excitation-emission matrix (EEM) or fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC). Drinking water samples were collected from various sources. Results show three components (tryptophan-like, fulvic-like, and humic-like), which were identified in the DOM of drinking water samples by parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), exhibit a linear or an exponential PARAFAC scores decrease with concentration of four metal ions (Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ), Hg(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ))increasing. Among these four metal ions, Fe(Ⅲ) and Cu(Ⅱ) led to a stronger quenching effect on fulvic-like and humic-like than Hg(Ⅱ) and Ni(Ⅱ). Sr(Ⅱ), K(Ⅰ), Mg(Ⅱ) and Mn(Ⅱ) had almost no effect on three components. Fe(Ⅲ) have good effects to characterize metal ions fluorescence quenching on all PARAFAC-derived components of DOM. Owing to we only consider the effect of Cu(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) when we need quantificational measure fulvic-like and humic-like components in drinking water, calibration curves were set up to correct fluorescence data in drinking water containing metal ions. Thus, we can obtain the original fluorescence data in drinking water containing metal ions. Owing to different sources of PARAFAC-derived components scoring attenuation laws are various, the sources of drinking water is also a factor that must be considered when measuring the fluorescent components using the PARAFAC model. The results from this study confirmed the interference of metal ions on the fluorescence intensity of the main components of DOM in drinking water and the factors (Fe(Ⅲ), Cu(Ⅱ) and variability of DOM) need to be considered when measuring the typical components of DOM in drinking water with EEM. This study indicated that the application of EEM-PARAFAC in fluorescence quenching studies is a useful tool to accurately measure fluorescence components of DOM in drinking water.
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Received: 2016-11-03
Accepted: 2017-03-19
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Corresponding Authors:
ZHAO Nan-jing
E-mail: njzhao@aiofm.ac.cn
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