|
|
|
|
|
|
| Quantification of Dental Plaque Based on Auto-Fluorescence Imaging |
| CHEN Chao-jia1, LAO Wei-wei2, LIN Bin1*, CHEN Qing-guang3, ZHU Hai-hua4, CAO Xiang-qun1, CHEN Hui2,4 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation，National Engineering Research Center for Optical Instrument, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
2. Department of Oral Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
3. College of Life Information Science and Instrument Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China
4. The Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Dental plaque is one of the main etiologic factors that lead to dental caries and periodontal disease, and the amount of plaque on teeth could be served as reference for the teeth health condition to some extent. Therefore, the detection of dental plaque plays a very important role for maintaining the oral health. However, identification of dental plaque is difficult for both patient and dentist because the tooth and dental plaque often look similar, especially when plaque is present in scanty amounts. Excited by the light source with the wavelength of 405 nm, the auto-fluorescence effect will appear in both dental plaque and dental tissue, but the auto-fluorescence spectrum of dental tissue mainly locates at the wavelength range of blue and green light, while the auto-fluorescence spectrum of dental plaque mainly locates at the wavelength range of red light, and the spectrum intensity caused by the different leveled dental plaque are also diverse. Based on the differences between auto-fluorescence spectra of dental plaque and dental tissues, a potable auto-fluorescence color imaging dental plaque detection system was developed. In the detection system, five surface-mounted LEDs whose central wavelength are all 405 nm are assembled as the excitation source, besides, a long pass optical filter with central wavelength of 520 nm is configured to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR), and the excited auto-fluorescence was collected and imaged through the imaging lens to the array sensor of a color CCD with a resolution of 640×480. Finally, the amount of dental plaque is analyzed by processing the captured fluorescence images. An experiment was designed to confirm the reliability of the detection system. The anterior teeth auto-fluore scence images of seven recruited subjects with various amounts of dental plaque were captured by the system, after the subjects chewed the disclosing agent for 1 minute and rinsed their mouth with 100 mL distilled water, the Quigley Hein plaque index (PI) modified by Tureksy and disclosing images were both recorded. The plaque percent index (PPI) which is defined as the proportion of the dental plaque area and entire teeth surface area. The statistic analysis shows: The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the PPI of fluorescence image and the PI is 0.944, and the Pearson correlation coefficient between PPI of fluorescence image and PPI of disclosing image is 0.875. PPI of fluorescence image has an increasing trend with increase in plaque grade and the PPI show statistically significant differences (p<0.01) between different grades. As conclusions, the proposed noninvasive detection system using the optical detecting approach ensures a fairly good accuracy and reliability, besides, the evaluation index of the PPI is more precise compared with the PI. We envision it has the potential to be a homecare practice and convince people of the demand for proper oral hygiene.
|
|
Received: 2016-06-16
Accepted: 2016-10-29
|
|
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
LIN Bin
E-mail: wjlin@zju.edu.cn
|
|
[1] BIAN Zhuan. Oral Biology. Beijing：People’s Medical Publishing House, 2000.
[2] Li Gang. Chineses Journal of Conservative Dentistry，2003，13(6)：4.
[3] Pretty I A, Edgar W M, Smith P W, et al. Journal of Dentistry，2005，33(3)：193.
[4] Rosa G M，Elizondo M L. J. Indian Soc. Periodontol.，2015，19(3)：279.
[5] Carter K, Landini G，Walmsley A D. Journal of Dentistry，2004，32(8)：623.
[6] Joseph B, Prasanth C S, Jayanthi J L, et al. Journal of Biomedical Optics，2015，20(4)：048001.
[7] Han S Y, Kim B R, Ko H Y, et al. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Therapy，2015，12：587.
[8] Chen Q, Zhu H, Xu Y, et al. Caries Research，2015，49(4)：401.
[9] Lee E S, Kang S M, Ko H Y, et al. Journal of Dentistry，2013，41(12)：1264.
[10] Kim Y S, Lee E S, Kwon H K，et al. Journal of Dentistry，2014，42(6)：691. |
| [1] |
LIU Wei1, 2, ZHANG Peng-yu1, 2, WU Na1, 2. The Spectroscopic Analysis of Corrosion Products on Gold-Painted Copper-Based Bodhisattva (Guanyin) in Half Lotus Position From National Museum of China[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2023, 43(12): 3832-3839. |
| [2] |
ZHANG Zhao1, 2, 3, 4, YAO Zhi-feng1, 3, 4, WANG Peng1, 3, 4, SU Bao-feng1, 3, 4, LIU Bin3, 4, 5, SONG Huai-bo1, 3, 4, HE Dong-jian1, 3, 4*, XU Yan5, 6, 7, HU Jing-bo2. Early Detection of Plasmopara Viticola Infection in Grapevine Leaves Using Chlorophyll Fluorescence Imaging[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(04): 1028-1035. |
| [3] |
ZHANG Zhao1, 2, 3, 4, WANG Peng1, 3, 4, YAO Zhi-feng1, 3, 4, QIN Li-feng1, 3, 4, HE Dong-jian1, 3, 4*, XU Yan5, 6, ZHANG Jian-xia5, 6, HU Jing-bo2. Early Detection of Downy Mildew on Grape Leaves Using Multicolor Fluorescence Imaging and Model SVM[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2021, 41(03): 828-834. |
| [4] |
TAO Fen1, 2, FENG Bing-gang1, DENG Biao1, 2*, SUN Tian-xi3, DU Guo-hao1, 2, XIE Hong-lan1, 2, XIAO Ti-qiao1, 2. Micro X-Ray Fluorescence Imaging Based on Ellipsoidal Single-Bounce Mono-Capillary[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2020, 40(07): 2011-2015. |
| [5] |
HU Yue, FU Yun*, LI Xin-yang, LI Yong-liang. Fluorescence Spectra and Fluorescence Saturation Intensity Analysis of Hepatic Cell，Hepatoma Carcinoma Cell and Hepatic Fibrosis Cell[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2020, 40(02): 478-482. |
| [6] |
LIU Xing-e, JIN Ke-xia, CUI He-shuai, MA Jian-feng*. The Lignin Topochemistry of Daemonorops margaritae (Hance) Becc. by Molecular Spectroscopic Imaging[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2017, 37(10): 3138-3144. |
| [7] |
YANG Bor-wen1, LIN Yu-min2, WANG Shi-yuan1, YEH D. C.1 . The Study of Absorption Efficiency and Restoring Effects of Collagen and Ascorbic Acid on Aged Skin by Fluorescence and Reflection Spectroscopy [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2012, 32(12): 3299-3303. |
| [8] |
SONG Kai1, 2, TIAN Li-jin1, 2, KONG Xiang-gui1*, LIU Kai1, 2, ZHANG Qing-bin1, 2, DU Chuang1, ZENG Qing-hui1, SUN Ya-juan1, LIU Xiao-min1 . Preparation, Characterization and Specific Biological Labeling of Silica Coated Upconversion Fluorescent Nanocrystals [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2010, 30(01): 133-136. |
| [9] |
WU Yong-jun,HAO Yan-hong,WU Wei-chao,WU Yi-ming* . Value of Auto-Fluorescence Spectrum Combined with Tumor Markers in Diagnosis of Lung Cancer [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2009, 29(10): 2787-2791. |
| [10] |
XU Zheng-hong1, 2, ZHANG Zhen-xi1*, WANG Jing1, LI Zheng1, LIU Xue-liang1 . Research on the Autofluorescence Spectroscopy of Heart Tissues[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2009, 29(06): 1651-1655. |
| [11] |
LIN Dan-ying, LIU Xiao-chen, MA Wan-yun* . Study of the Relationship between Apoptosis and Intracellular pH in Single Living Cells Using a Three-Channel Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging Method[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2009, 29(06): 1581-1585. |
| [12] |
REN Wen-jun1,4, XU Zheng-hong2, ZHANG Zhen-xi1*, YANG Xu-dong3, LI Zheng1 . Research on the Autofluorescence Spectroscopy in Rats Doing Medium-Intensity Exercise[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2009, 29(05): 1331-1335. |
| [13] |
SHI Xiao-feng1, MA Jun1*, MAO Wei-zheng2, LI Ying1, ZHENG Rong-er1, MENG Ji-wu1 . Applying Patial Least-Squares Discriminant Analysis on Autofluorescence Spectra to Identify Gastric Cancer [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2006, 26(02): 295-298. |
| [14] |
CHENG Bing, LIN Dan-ying, WANG Xiao-guang, CHEN Die-yan, MA Wan-yun*. Application of Two-Photon Excitation Fluorescence Imaging to Real-Time Investigation of Mouse Preimplantation Embryo[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2006, 26(02): 193-197. |
|
|
|
|
