光谱学与光谱分析 |
|
|
|
|
|
Determination of Heavy Metals for RoHS Compliance by ICP-OES Spectrometry Coupled with Microwave Extraction System |
HUA Li1,2,WU Yi-ping1*,AN Bing1,LAI Xiao-wei1 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430074, China 2. EPA Center, Department of Electronic Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong,China |
|
|
Abstract The harm of heavy metals contained in electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) on environment is of high concern by human. Aiming to handle the great challenge of RoHS compliance, the determinations of trace or ultratrace chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was performed in the present paper, wherein, microwave extraction technology was used to prepare the sample solutions. In addition, the precision, recovery, repeatability and interference issues of this method were also discussed. The results exhibited that using the microwave extraction system to prepare samples is more quick, lossless, contamination-free in comparison with the conventional extraction methods such as dry ashing, wet-oven extraction etc. By analyzing the recoveries of these four heavy metals over different working time and wavelengths, the good recovery range between 85% and 115% showed that there was only tiny loss or contamination during the process of microwave extraction, sample introduction and ICP detection. Repeatability experiments proved that ICP plasma had a good stability during the working time and the matrix effect was small. Interference was a problem troublesome for atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), however, the techniques of standard additions or inter-element correction (IEC) method can effectively eliminated the interferences of Ni, As, Fe etc. with the Cd determination. By employing the multi-wavelengths and two correction point methods, the issues of background curve sloping shift and spectra overlap were successfully overcome. Besides, for the determinations of trace heavy metal elements, the relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 3% and the detection limits were less than 1 μg·L-1(3σ, n=5)for samples, standard solutions, and standard additions, which proved that ICP-OES has a good precision and high reliability. This provided a reliable technique support for electronic and electrical (EE) industries to comply with RoHS directive.
|
Received: 2007-08-06
Accepted: 2007-11-06
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
WU Yi-ping
E-mail: ypwu@mailhust.edu.cn
|
|
[1] Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the Restriction of Theuse of Certain Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment. Official Journal of the European Union, 2003, 1(27): 19. [2] Mohammad B S, Shiina Y, Kivscht F G, et al. Materials Science and Engineering B-Solid State Materials, 2003, 102(3): 202. [3] Roger R. Introduction to Environmental Analysis. Joan Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2002. [4] Bettinelli M, Baroni U, Pastorelli N. in: Applicazioni Dell ICP-AES Nel Laboratorio Chimico Etossicologico, Vol.1, Morgan, Milano, 1993. 529. [5] Mousty F, Passarella R, Pigozzi G, et al. in: Applicazioni Dell’ICP-AES Nel Laboratorio Chimico Etossicologico, Vol.1, Morgan, Milano, 1993. 561. [6] Charun Y, Farmer John G. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2006, 557: 296. [7] Shiquan T, Takahiro K. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1995,310: 369. [8] International Electrotechnical Committee (IEC), Procedures for the Determination of Levels of Regulated Substances in Electrotechnical Products, 2005 International Electrotechnical Commission conference in Italy, No.62321, Ed.1, 2002,(8): 22. [9] ISO 5725 Series: Accuracy (Trueness and Precision ) of Measurement Methods and Results. [10] Boss Charles B,Fredeen Kenneth J. Concepts, Instrumentation, and Techniques in Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Perkin Elmer Corp., Ed.2, USA, Norwalk, 1999. [11] Awad A M, George A Z, Aristidis N A, et al. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2006,565: 81. [12] Ramsey M H, Thompson M. Analyst, 1985, 110: 519. [13] Information Industry Standard of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国信息产业行业标准). Testing Methods for Hazardous Substances in Electronic Information Products(电子信息产品中限用物质的检测方法). Beijing: Ministry of Information Industry of the People’s Republic of China(北京:中华人民共和国信息产业部),No.SJ/T11365,2006. [14] Bettinelli M, Beone G M, Spezia S, et al. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2000,424: 289. [15] Zarcinas B A. Science of the Total Environment, 2002, 295(1-3): 241. [16] Miller J. Statistics for Analytical Chemistry, 4th ed. New York:Prenticehall, 2000. [17] Jianrong C, Khay C T. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2001,450: 215. [18] McIntire G L. Crit. Rev. Anal. Chem., 1990, 21: 257. [19] Carboneli V, Mauri A R, Salvador A, et al. J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 1991,6: 581. |
[1] |
HU Xuan1, CHENG Zi-hui1*, ZHANG Shu-chao2, SHI Lei2. Matrix Separation-Determination of Rare Earth Oxides in Bauxite by
Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(10): 3130-3134. |
[2] |
ZHANG Peng-peng1, 2, HU Meng-ying1, 2, XU Jin-li1, 2*, CHEN Wei-ming1, 2, GU Xue1, 2, ZHANG Ling-huo1, 2, BAI Jin-feng1, 2, ZHANG Qin1, 2. Determination of Available Boron in Soil by ICP-OES With Boiling Water Extraction[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2021, 41(06): 1925-1929. |
[3] |
ZHOU Xi-lin, WANG Jiao-na, MI Hai-peng, HUANG Qing-qing, LIU Zhong-ming. Determination of Indium in Flue Ash via ICP-AES Method[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2020, 40(04): 1201-1206. |
[4] |
JIANG Bo1, 3, HUANG Jian-hua2*, LIU Wei2. Multi-Element Analysis of Wild Chinese Honeylocust Fruit by Inductively Coupled Plasma Tandem Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS)[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2017, 37(12): 3859-3864. |
[5] |
YANG Hong-jun1, SUN Jing-kuan1*, SONG Ai-yun1, QU Fan-zhu1, DONG Lin-shui1, FU Zhan-yong2. A Probe into the Contents and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Available Heavy Metals in the Soil of Shell Ridge Island of Yellow River Delta with ICP-OES Method[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2017, 37(04): 1307-1313. |
[6] |
MI Hai-peng1, ZHU Hong-ming1, LI Gen-rong1, YU Xiang1, MA Bing-bing2, ZHOU Xi-lin2, WANG Ya-sen2, SU Zhong-hua2, DENG Xiong2. Determination of Pb, Cr, Cd, and As in Aluminum-Plastic Packaging Materials via Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry with Microwave Digestion[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2017, 37(02): 646-650. |
[7] |
ZHAO Liang-cheng1, JIANG Yun-jun1, GUO Xiu-ping1, LI Xing1, WANG Yi-dan3, GUO Xiao-biao1, LU Feng1, LIU Hua-jie2*. Optimization of ICP-AES and ICP-MS Techniques for the Determination of Major, Minor and Micro Elements in Lichens [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2016, 36(10): 3320-3325. |
[8] |
ZHANG Ling-li1, 2, DING Yu-long1, 3, ZHANG Mei1, 3, GUI Duan1, 3, NING Xi2, 3, LI Jun1, 3, WU Yu-ping1, 3* . Determination of Trace Elements in the Melon of Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphins (Sousa chinensis) with ICP-MS [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2016, 36(10): 3326-3331. |
[9] |
CHEN Lin-wei, CAI Hao*, WANG Qin, QIAO Feng-xian, QIN Kun-ming, CAI Bao-chang . Elemental Analysis of Nine Herbal Drugs for Nourishing Blood by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy with Microwave Digestion[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2016, 36(07): 2358-2362. |
[10] |
WANG Xiao-wei1, LIU Jing-fu2, GUAN Hong3, WANG Xiao-yan1, SHAO Bing1*, ZHANG Jing1, LIU Li-ping1, ZHANG Ni-na1. Determination of Total Sulfur Dioxide in Chinese Herbal Medicines via Triple Quadrupole Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2016, 36(02): 527-531. |
[11] |
CHEN Qian1, WU Xi2, HOU Xian-deng2, XU Kai-lai1* . Simultaneous Determination of Sn and S in Methyltin Mercaptide by Microwave-Assisted Acid Digestion and ICP-OES[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2015, 35(09): 2393-2396. |
[12] |
DING Yu-long1, NING Xi1, 2, GUI Duan1, MO Hui3, LI Yu-sen1, WU Yu-ping1* . Determination of Trace Elements in Marine Cetaceans by ICP-MS and Health Risk Assessment [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2015, 35(09): 2407-2411. |
[13] |
ZHANG Liu-yi1, FU Chuan1*, YANG Fu-mo1,2, YANG Ji-dong1, HUANG Yi-min1, ZHANG Qiang1, WU Bing-yu1 . Determination of Metal Elements in PM2.5 by ICP-OES with Microwave Digestion [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2014, 34(11): 3109-3112. |
[14] |
YUAN Jun-jie1, XIE You-zhuan1*, HAN Chen1, SUN Wei1, ZHANG Kai1, ZHAO Jie1, LU Xiao2, LU Jian-xi2, REN Wei3. Determination of Trace Element Silver in Animal Serum, Tissues and Organs by Microwave Digestion-ICP-MS[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2014, 34(09): 2533-2537. |
[15] |
CHEN Li-dan1, ZHAO Yan-ru2. Application of Microwave Digestion/AAS in Detecting Crankshaft Bearing Knock [J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2014, 34(06): 1683-1687. |
|
|
|
|