秦始皇兵马俑一号坑出土弓韬表面纺织品残留物的红外光谱及显微分析研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2020)11-3623-05

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Abstract For the investigation of the textile residues on the surface of the bag for storing bows in Qin dynasty, which was discovered in the third archaeological excavation of Qin Shihuang’s Terra-Cotta Warriors, the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Three-dimensional Video Microscope were used in the analysis. From the residues’ Fourier transform infrared spectra, it can be seen the features of plant fiber, the vibration bands of the beta-D-glucoside bond in cellulose at 876 cm^-1 wave number, and the stretching vibration peaks of the C—O ether bond in the glucose ring of cellulose at 1 080 cm^-1 wave number and 1 033 cm^-1 wave number. There are some other characteristic peaks in the spectra, for example, the peak of conjugated carbonyl and C═C stretching vibration in lignin in 1 637 cm^-1, bending vibration peaks of CH₂ in cellulose and lignin in 1 434 cm^-1. According to the infrared spectrum characteristics of several common plant fibers in ancient, it was found that the textile trace on the surface of the bag for storing bows was closer to ramie. The microstructure of the textile residues cannot be seen under the SEM. The surface morphology of the samples was uniform, showing a fine sheet-like barrier junction, and no parallel arrangement of fibers and surface joint information was found. The disappearance of the physical structure of fibers was due to the long burial and degradation of textiles. The density of longitude and weft is 9×9 cm². Compared with the textile traces unearthed from other sites, the textile density of the sample does not meet the requirements of making clothing for sparse in longitude and latitude. The diameter of the textile longitude and weft is (0.965±0.029) and (0.982±0.019) mm respectively, 95% confidence level. The difference between longitude and weft diameters is not significant by independent sample t-test. Based on the above results, it is concluded that ramie textiles were wrapped on the surface of the bag for storing bows in the Qin dynasty. It is reasonable to infer that the usage of ramie is easy for handling or reinforcing the bag.

Key words：Terracotta and Horses of Qin Shihuang; Bag for storing bows; Textile residues; Analysis of FTIR; Microscope analysis

Received: 2019-10-03 Accepted: 2020-02-11

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