|
|
|
|
|
|
Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy for Identification of Hazardous Substances in Mail |
LI Tao1, ZHANG Liang1, HE Jian-an2, 3, ZHANG Si-xiang1*, GU Da-yong2, 3* |
1. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China
2. Shenzhen Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Shenzhen 518010, China
3. Shenzhen International Travel Healthcare Center, Shenzhen 518033, China |
|
|
Abstract With the rapid development of e-commerce, the number of mails has increased dramatically, and the hazardous substances in the mail have become an important criminal means for criminals, which threatens public safety and social stability. The security check of emails becomes especially important, but the conventional detection techniques can not accurately identify hazardous substances. Terahertz waves occupy the region between microwaves and the infrared. The explosives, illicit drugs and harmful biological factors concealed in the mail have a characteristic absorption spectrum in the terahertz band, and THz waves can penetrate the non-polar packaging materials commonly used in mail. Terahertz radiation also has characteristics of low energy, coherence and so on, making it possible to achieve high-sensitivity and non-destructive detection of hazardous substances by using terahertz technology. The present paper introduces the characteristics of terahertz technologies, the composition of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system and the Fresnel formula analytic method for obtaining optical constants. The method obtains material parameters including absorption spectra by sample transmission or reflection signals and reference signals. The terahertz characteristic absorption spectra of samples were compared with the established spectral characteristic databases of various dangerous substances to determine whether the samples were dangerous and the types of hazardous substances. The research achievements of the characteristic absorption spectra of explosives and drugs in the terahertz band and the research progress of the absorption spectra under various non-polar materials were summarized. The analytical method for obtaining the absorption spectrum is suitable for thicker samples. For the thin sample article, a P-spectrum method is also introduced, which can accurately obtain the absorption spectrum of the sample under the cover without the reference signal. In addition to directly using absorption spectroscopy for detection, in recent years, many methods for terahertz spectroscopy have been proposed, such as the spectral dynamics analysis method which can distinguish the substances with overlapping absorption frequencies well, chemometrics method which can achieve qualitative and quantitative analyses of terahertz spectra, and imaging analysis based on terahertz time domain spectroscopy which can complete the identification of hidden dangers of large areas. The feasibility of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy to identify harmful biological factors,and the characteristics of for small carrying amount of harmful biological factors were also analyzed. Meanwhile, the progress of terahertz time domain spectroscopy in improving the detection sensitivity of biological factors was summarized. Finally, the existing technique difficulties, such as limited power of terahertz, large influence by environmental factors, lack of unified standards, were discussed and the future development trend was analyzed.
|
Received: 2018-10-31
Accepted: 2019-02-14
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
ZHANG Si-xiang, GU Da-yong
E-mail: 13502063552@163.com; wanhood@163.com
|
|
[1] May R K, Evans M J, Zhong S, et al. Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2011, 100(4): 1535.
[2] Bradley Ferguson, Zhang X C. Nature Materials, 2002, 1: 26.
[3] CAO Can, ZHANG Chao-hui, ZHAO Xiao-yan, et al(曹 灿,张朝晖,赵小燕,等). Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析), 2018, 38(9): 2688.
[4] XIE Qi, YANG Hong-ru, LI Hong-guang(解 琪,杨鸿儒,李宏光). Optics and Precision Engineering(光学精密工程), 2016, 24(10): 2392.
[5] Palka N. Optical Engineering, 2014, 53(3): 031202.
[6] Sleiman J B, El Haddad J, Perraud J B, et al. International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves. IEEE, 2014.
[7] Sleiman J B, Bousquet B, Palka N, et al. Applied Spectroscopy, 2015, 69(12):1464.
[8] Trofimov V A, Varentsova S A. Sensors, 2016, 16(4): 502.
[9] Trofimov V A, Varentsova S A. Journal of the European Optical Society, 2016, 11:16016.
[10] Kawase K, Ogawa Y, Watanabe Y, et al. Optics Express, 2003, 11(20): 2549.
[11] Sun J H, Shen J L, Liang L S, et al. Chinese Physics Letter, 2005, 22: 3176.
[12] Li N, Shen J L, Sun J H, et al. Optics Express, 2005, 13(18): 6750.
[13] SHEN Jing-ling, LI Ning, LU Mei-hong, et al(沈京玲,李 宁,逯美红,等). Optical Technique(光学技术), 2006, 32(5): 747.
[14] Burnett A D, Cunningham J E, Davies A G, et al. Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy in Forensic Science, 2012: 295.
[15] Puc U, Abina A, Rutar M, et al. Applied Optics, 2015, 54(14): 4495.
[16] Mikiya Kato, Kodo Kawase et al. Optics Express, 2016, 24: 6425.
[17] Zhang W, Brown E R, Viveros L, et al. Journal of Biophotonics, 2015, 7(10): 818.
[18] Globus T, Dorofeeva T, Sizov I, et al. American Journal of Biomedical Engineering, 2012, 2(4): 143.
[19] Wang C, Gong J, Xing Q, et al. Journal of Biophotonics, 2010, 3(10-11): 641.
[20] Yang X, Wei D, Yan S, et al. Journal of Biophotonics, 2016, 9(10): 1050.
[21] Park S J, Hong J T, Choi S J, et al. Scientific Reports, 2014, 4(1): 4988.
[22] Berrier A, Schaafsma M C, Nonglaton G, et al. Biomedical Optics Express, 2012, 3(11): 2937.
[23] Xie L, Gao W, Shu J, et al. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5: 8671.
[24] Yang X, Yang K, Zhao X, et al. Analyst, 2017, 142(24):4661.
[25] Huang F, Schulkin B, Altan H, et al. Applied Physics Letters, 2004, 85(23): 5535.
[26] Choi K, Hong T, Ik Sim K, et al. Journal of Applied Physics, 2014, 115(2): 023105.
[27] Liu J, Fan W H, Chen X, et al. Journal of Physics Conference Series, 2016: 012030. |
[1] |
WAN Mei, ZHANG Jia-le, FANG Ji-yuan, LIU Jian-jun, HONG Zhi, DU Yong*. Terahertz Spectroscopy and DFT Calculations of Isonicotinamide-Glutaric Acid-Pyrazinamide Ternary Cocrystal[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2023, 43(12): 3781-3787. |
[2] |
LI Yang1, LI Xiao-qi1, YANG Jia-ying1, SUN Li-juan2, CHEN Yuan-yuan1, YU Le1, WU Jing-zhu1*. Visualisation of Starch Distribution in Corn Seeds Based on Terahertz Time-Domain Spectral Reflection Imaging Technology[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2023, 43(09): 2722-2728. |
[3] |
ZHENG Zhi-jie1, LIN Zhen-heng1, 2*, XIE Hai-he2, NIE Yong-zhong3. The Method of Terahertz Spectral Classification and Identification for Engineering Plastics Based on Convolutional Neural Network[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2023, 43(05): 1387-1393. |
[4] |
WANG Yu-ye1, 2, LI Hai-bin1, 2, JIANG Bo-zhou1, 2, GE Mei-lan1, 2, CHEN Tu-nan3, FENG Hua3, WU Bin4ZHU Jun-feng4, XU De-gang1, 2, YAO Jian-quan1, 2. Terahertz Spectroscopic Early Diagnosis of Cerebral Ischemia in Rats[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2023, 43(03): 788-794. |
[5] |
CAO Yu-qi2, KANG Xu-sheng1, 2*, CHEN Piao-yun2, XIE Chen2, YU Jie2*, HUANG Ping-jie2, HOU Di-bo2, ZHANG Guang-xin2. Research on Discrimination Method of Absorption Peak in Terahertz
Regime[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(10): 3058-3062. |
[6] |
YI Can-can1, 2, 3, 5*, TUO Shuai1, 2, 3, TU Shan1, 2, 3, 4, ZHANG Wen-tao5. UMAP-Assisted Fuzzy C-Clustering Method for Recognition of
Terahertz Spectrum[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(09): 2694-2701. |
[7] |
LI Yan1, LIU Qi-hang2, 3, HUANG Wei1, DUAN Tao1, CHEN Zhao-xia1, HE Ming-xia2, 3, XIONG Yu1*. Terahertz Imaging Study of Dentin Caries[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(08): 2374-2379. |
[8] |
MIAO Shu-guang1, SHAO Dan1*, LIU Zhong-yu2, 3, FAN Qiang1, LI Su-wen1, DING En-jie2, 3. Study on Coal-Rock Identification Method Based on Terahertz
Time-Domain Spectroscopy[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(06): 1755-1760. |
[9] |
CAO Yao-yao1, 2, 4, LI Xia1, BAI Jun-peng2, 4, XU Wei2, 4, NI Ying3*, DONG Chuang2, 4, ZHONG Hong-li5, LI Bin2, 4*. Study on Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Pefloxacin and
Fleroxacin Veterinary Drugs Based on THz-TDS Technology[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(06): 1798-1803. |
[10] |
PAN Zhao1, LI Zong-liang1, ZHANG Zhen-wei2, WEN Yin-tang1, ZHANG Peng-yang1. Defect Detection and Analysis of Ceramic Fiber Composites Based on
THz-TDS Technology[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(05): 1547-1552. |
[11] |
ZHENG Zhuan-ping, LI Ai-dong, DONG Jun, ZHI Yan, GONG Jia-min. Terahertz Spectroscopic Investigation of Maleic Hydrazide Polymorphs[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(04): 1104-1108. |
[12] |
WU Jing-zhu1, LI Xiao-qi1, SUN Li-juan2, LIU Cui-ling1, SUN Xiao-rong1, YU Le1. Advances in the Application of Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Imaging Technology in Crop Quality Detection[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(02): 358-367. |
[13] |
YAN Fang, ZHANG Jun-lin*, MAO Li-cheng, LIU Tong-hua, JIN Bo-yang. Research on Information Extraction Method of Carbohydrate Isomers Based on Terahertz Radiation[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(01): 26-30. |
[14] |
ZHENG Zhuan-ping, LI Ai-dong, LI Chun-yan, DONG Jun. Terahertz Time-Domain Spectral Study of Paracetamol[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2021, 41(12): 3660-3664. |
[15] |
LIN Hong-mei1, CAO Qiu-hong1, ZHANG Tong-jun1, LI Zhao-xin1, HUANG Hai-qing1, LI Xue-min1, WU Bin2, ZHANG Qing-jian3, LÜ Xin-min4, LI De-hua1*. Identification of Nephrite and Imitations Based on Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy and Pattern Recognition[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2021, 41(11): 3352-3356. |
|
|
|
|