光谱学与光谱分析 |
|
|
|
|
|
A Simple but Effective Device to Avoid Objective Lens Overheating: An Air Blower Device |
WANG Fei, LIU Xi*, Lü Ming-da, ZHANG Yan-yao, ZHANG Li-fei, ZHENG Hai-fei |
School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, MOE, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China |
|
|
Abstract The interior of the Earth is a high temperature and high pressure environment. High temperatures cause important changes in the physical and chemical properties of minerals. An increase in temperature leads to significant changes in the molecular and lattice vibrations, elasticity, and seismic velocity of minerals. The high temperature vibrational spectroscopy (infrared and Raman) used to study these changes can provide highly significant understanding of the Earth’s interior. During high temperature spectroscopy, the heating device that is used to heat the sample can work at a very high temperature (e.g., 1 500 ℃) because it has a cooling device surrounding it that is used to prevent the temperature of its environments from getting too high. However, radiation from its heating elements is intense and this will shine on and heat the objective lens of the focusing system for the spectroscopic light source, and this would result in damage to the lens. Thus, to avoid damage to the objective lens, an upper limit is placed on the heater temperature. The significance of this work is that it presents a method to exceed the present instrument’s temperature limit so that we can perform in situ spectroscopy on samples at higher temperatures. This work extended the temperature limit for the sample to a higher temperature by using an air blower around the objective lens to create a gas flow around it. The gas flow serves to remove heat from the objective lens by forced convection and its turbulent flow also served to increase the rate of heat transport from the lens to the moving gas stream, which together prevented overheating of the objective lens. Our results have shown that although this device is simple, it was highly effective: for a sample temperature of 1 000 ℃, the objective lens temperature was reduced from ~235 to ~68 ℃. Using this device, we performed in situ high temperature Raman spectroscopy of forsterite up to a sample temperature of 1 300 ℃. The results agreed well with previous studies and demonstrated that with our simple air blower device, we can perform in situ high temperature spectroscopy up to 1 300 ℃ without damaging the objective lens and without expensive components like a high temperature composite objective lens or a long focus objective lens.
|
Received: 2015-04-06
Accepted: 2015-08-12
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
LIU Xi
E-mail: xi.liu@pku.edu.cn
|
|
[1] McKenzie D, Bickle M J. Journal of Petrology, 1988, 29(3): 625. [2] Ito E, Katsura T. Geophysical Research Letters, 1989, 16(5): 425. [3] Boehler R. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, 1996, 24(1): 15. [4] Gillet P, Richet P, Guyot F, et al. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1991, 96(B7): 11805. [5] WANG Fei, LIU Xi, ZHENG Hai-fei, et al(王 霏, 刘 曦, 郑海飞, 等). Acta. Petrolei. Sin.(岩石学报), 2015, 31(7): 1891. [6] Waples D W, Waples J S. Natural Resources Research, 2004, 13(2): 123. [7] Yong W, Dachs E, Withers A C, et al. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2006, 33(3): 167. [8] Chang L, Liu X, Liu H, et al. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2013, 40(7): 563. [9] Fei Y. Mineral Physics and Crystallography: a HandBook of Physical Constants. AGU Reference Shelf, No 2. 1995. 29. [10] Katsura T, Yokoshi S, Song M, et al. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2004, 109(B12): 209. [11] Hu X, Liu X, He Q, et al. Mineralogical Magazine, 2011, 75(2): 363. [12] Stixrude L, Lithgow-Bertelloni C. Geophysical Journal International, 2005, 162(2): 610. [13] Fan D, Zhou W, Liu C, et al. Journal of Materials Science, 2008, 43(16): 5546. [14] Li B. American Mineralogist, 2003, 88(8-9): 1312. [15] Higo Y, Inoue T, Irifune T, et al. Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, 2008, 166(3): 167. [16] O’Neill H St C, Redfern S A T, Kesson S, et al. American Mineralogist, 2003, 88(5-6): 860. [17] Yang X, Keppler H. American Mineralogist, 2011, 96(2-3): 451. [18] Yang Y, Xia Q, Feng M, et al. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2012, 39(5): 413. [19] McMillan P F. Microscopic to Macroscopic: Atomic Environments to Mineral Thermodynamics. Washington DC: Mineralogical Society of America,1985, vol. 14. 9. [20] Durben D J, Wolf G H. American Mineralogist, 1992, 77(7-8): 890. [21] Kieffer S W. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 1979a, 17(1): 1. [22] Kieffer S W. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 1979b, 17(1): 20. [23] Kieffer S W. Reviews of Geophysics and Space Physics, 1979c, 17(1): 35. [24] Kojitani H, Oohata M, Inoue T, et al. American Mineralogist, 2012, 97(8-9): 1314. [25] Fujimori H, Koatsu H, Loku K. Physical Review B, 2002, 66(6): 64306. [26] Seward G. Optical Design of Microscopes. Washington DC: Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2010, 100, 169. [27] Liu X, Chen J, Tang J, et al. High Pressure Research, 2012, 32(2): 239. [28] HE Qiang, TANG Jun-jie, WANG Fei, et al(何 强, 唐俊杰, 王 霏,等). Chinese Journal of High Pressure Physics(高压物理学报), 2014, 28(2): 145. [29] Liu X, O’Neill H St C, Berry A J. Journal of Petrology, 2006, 47(2): 409. [30] Ringwood A E. Composition and Petrology of the Earth’s Mantle. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1975. 1. [31] Kolesov B A, Geiger C A. Physics and Chemistry of Minerals, 2004, 31(3): 142. [32] YAN Shi-yong, ZHOU Yao-qi, CHEN Yong(颜世永, 周瑶琪, 陈 勇). The Journal of Light Scattering(光散射学报), 2004, 16(004): 325. [33] MA Yan-mei, CUI Qi-liang, ZHOU Qiang, et al(马艳梅, 崔启亮, 周 强, 等). Journal of Jilin University(吉林大学学报), 2006, 36(3): 342. |
[1] |
ZHENG Hong-quan, DAI Jing-min*. Research Development of the Application of Photoacoustic Spectroscopy in Measurement of Trace Gas Concentration[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 1-14. |
[2] |
CHENG Jia-wei1, 2,LIU Xin-xing1, 2*,ZHANG Juan1, 2. Application of Infrared Spectroscopy in Exploration of Mineral Deposits: A Review[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 15-21. |
[3] |
FAN Ping-ping,LI Xue-ying,QIU Hui-min,HOU Guang-li,LIU Yan*. Spectral Analysis of Organic Carbon in Sediments of the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea by Different Spectrometers[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 52-55. |
[4] |
LI Jie, ZHOU Qu*, JIA Lu-fen, CUI Xiao-sen. Comparative Study on Detection Methods of Furfural in Transformer Oil Based on IR and Raman Spectroscopy[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 125-133. |
[5] |
WANG Fang-yuan1, 2, HAN Sen1, 2, YE Song1, 2, YIN Shan1, 2, LI Shu1, 2, WANG Xin-qiang1, 2*. A DFT Method to Study the Structure and Raman Spectra of Lignin
Monomer and Dimer[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 76-81. |
[6] |
BAI Xi-lin1, 2, PENG Yue1, 2, ZHANG Xue-dong1, 2, GE Jing1, 2*. Ultrafast Dynamics of CdSe/ZnS Quantum Dots and Quantum
Dot-Acceptor Molecular Complexes[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 56-61. |
[7] |
XU Tian1, 2, LI Jing1, 2, LIU Zhen-hua1, 2*. Remote Sensing Inversion of Soil Manganese in Nanchuan District, Chongqing[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 69-75. |
[8] |
YANG Cheng-en1, 2, LI Meng3, LU Qiu-yu2, WANG Jin-ling4, LI Yu-ting2*, SU Ling1*. Fast Prediction of Flavone and Polysaccharide Contents in
Aronia Melanocarpa by FTIR and ELM[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 62-68. |
[9] |
LIU Zhen1*, LIU Li2*, FAN Shuo2, ZHAO An-ran2, LIU Si-lu2. Training Sample Selection for Spectral Reconstruction Based on Improved K-Means Clustering[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 29-35. |
[10] |
YANG Chao-pu1, 2, FANG Wen-qing3*, WU Qing-feng3, LI Chun1, LI Xiao-long1. Study on Changes of Blue Light Hazard and Circadian Effect of AMOLED With Age Based on Spectral Analysis[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 36-43. |
[11] |
GAO Feng1, 2, XING Ya-ge3, 4, LUO Hua-ping1, 2, ZHANG Yuan-hua3, 4, GUO Ling3, 4*. Nondestructive Identification of Apricot Varieties Based on Visible/Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics Methods[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 44-51. |
[12] |
ZHENG Pei-chao, YIN Yi-tong, WANG Jin-mei*, ZHOU Chun-yan, ZHANG Li, ZENG Jin-rui, LÜ Qiang. Study on the Method of Detecting Phosphate Ions in Water Based on
Ultraviolet Absorption Spectrum Combined With SPA-ELM Algorithm[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 82-87. |
[13] |
XU Qiu-yi1, 3, 4, ZHU Wen-yue3, 4, CHEN Jie2, 3, 4, LIU Qiang3, 4 *, ZHENG Jian-jie3, 4, YANG Tao2, 3, 4, YANG Teng-fei2, 3, 4. Calibration Method of Aerosol Absorption Coefficient Based on
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 88-94. |
[14] |
LI Xin-ting, ZHANG Feng, FENG Jie*. Convolutional Neural Network Combined With Improved Spectral
Processing Method for Potato Disease Detection[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 215-224. |
[15] |
XING Hai-bo1, ZHENG Bo-wen1, LI Xin-yue1, HUANG Bo-tao2, XIANG Xiao2, HU Xiao-jun1*. Colorimetric and SERS Dual-Channel Sensing Detection of Pyrene in
Water[J]. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(01): 95-102. |
|
|
|
|