Trace Element Analysis by PIYE and ICP-AES of Raw Material and Ancient Serpentine Artifacts from China
DONG Jun-qing1, WANG Yong-ya1, GAN Fu-xi1, 2, LI Qing-hui1*
1. Center of Sci-tech Archaeology, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China 2. Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
Abstract：This work mainly talks about serpentine mineral with the aim to explore the possible raw materials sources of ancient serpentine artifacts by trace element content analysis. The major and trace elements of serpentine samples from several typical deposits in China were nondestructively determined by external-beam proton-induced X-ray emission (PIXE). For comparison, trace element concentrations were destructively measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The results showed the trend of the trace element contents of serpentine jade obtained by the two methods have preferably coherence, which indicate that the nondestructive technique of PIXE can be applied to trace element analysis of serpentine. The relationship between trace element contents and serpentine formation mechanism was discussed. The difference of the trace elements contents in these serpentine minerals is obvious. It can be used to distinguish the different kinds of serpentine formed by different mechanisms. A low amount of Ni and almost no Cr and Co were found in type I serpentine group mineral, whereas significant amounts of Cr, Co and Ni were found in Type II serpentine group mineral. The chemical composition of 18 ancient serpentine artifacts were analyzed by PIXE, they were unearthed from 14 sites and tombs in provinces of Zhejing, Jiangsu, Henan, Anhui and Hubei and dated from Neolithic Age to the Warring States Period (4585 BC—231 BC). By comparing the trace element contents between ancient serpentine artifacts and two kinds of serpentine samples, the provenance of ancient serpentine artifacts were preliminarily inferred. It is beneficial to try to explore the possible raw material of ancient serpentine artifacts based on the relationship between the trace element contents and serpentine formation mechanism in this article.
Key words：PIXE;Chinese ancient serpentine artifact;Trace element;Formation mechanism;Original source
董俊卿1，王永亚1，干福熹1,2，李青会1* . 利用PIXE和ICP-AES 对蛇纹石原料及中国古代蛇纹石玉器的微量元素分析 [J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2016, 36(11): 3780-3788.
DONG Jun-qing1, WANG Yong-ya1, GAN Fu-xi1, 2, LI Qing-hui1* . Trace Element Analysis by PIYE and ICP-AES of Raw Material and Ancient Serpentine Artifacts from China. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2016, 36(11): 3780-3788.
[1] Gan F X. Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology, 2008, 20: 17. [2] Wang R. Archaeometry, 2011, 53: 674. [3] Gan F X, Cao J Y, Cheng H S, et al. Science China. Technological Sciences, 2010, 53: 3404. [4] Zhang Z W, Gan F X, Cheng H S. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 2011, 269: 460. [5] Kostov R I, Protochristov C, Stoyanov C, et al. Geoarchaeology, 2012, 27: 457. [6] Liu Z Y, Gan F X, Cheng H S. Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2008, 28: 370. [7] Zou T R, Guo L H, Yu X J. Mineral Deposit, 1996, 15: 79. [8] Golightly J P, Olga N A, Canadian Mineralogist, 1979, 17: 719. [9] Seiichiro U, Haruo S. Mineralogical Journal, 1985, 12: 299. [10] O’Hanley D S, Dyar M D. Can. Canadian Mineralogist, 1998, 36: 727. [11] Kin W S. Journal of Earth Science-China, 2000, 11: 103. [12] Belousova E A，Griffin W L. Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, 2002, 143: 602. [13] Sorena S, George E H, Douglas R. American Mineralogist, 2006，91: 979. [14] Popelka R S, Robertson J D, Glascock M D. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 2007, 272: 17. [15] Campell J L, Maxwell J A, Gupix 96: The Guelph PIXE Program. University of Guelph, Ontario, 1996. [16] Cheng H S, Zhang Z Q, Zhang B, et al. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B, 2004, 219: 30. [17] Moody J B. Lithos, 1976, 9: 125. [18] Wicks F J, Whittaker E J W. Canadian Mineralogist, 1977, 15: 459. [19] Li S J, Chu G G, Li Z M. Contributions to Geology and Mineral Resources Research, 2003, 18: 7. [20] Wang Y Y, Gan F X, Zhao H X. Applied Clay Scinece, 2012, 70: 79. [21] Wang Y Y, Gan F X. Rock and Mineral Analysis, 2012, 31: 788. [22] Kang R C, Zhang J H, Li J S. Geoscience, 1993, 7: 200. [23] Dong J Q, Gan F X, Hu Y Q, et al. Huaxia Archaeology, 2011, 3: 30.
