Abstract：The wood (willow branch) and grass (rice straw) materials were pyrolyzed at different temperatures (300, 450 and 600 ℃) to obtain the biochars used in the present study. The biochars were characterized using elementary analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and solid state 13C cross-polarization and magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (13C NMR) to illuminate the structure and composition of the biochars which were derived from the different thermal temperatures and biomass. The results showed that the H/C, O/C and (O+N)/C ratios of the biochars decreased with the increase in the pyrolysis temperatures. The surface polarity and ash content of the grass-derived biochars were higher than those of the wood-derived biochars. The minerals of the wood-derived biochars were mainly covered by the organic matter; in contrast, parts of the mineral surfaces of the grass-derived biochars were not covered by organic matter. The 13C NMR of the low temperature-derived biochars revealed a large contribution of aromatic carbon, aliphatic carbon, carboxyl and carbonyl carbon, while the high temperature-derived biochars contained a large amount of aromatic carbon. Moreover, the wood-derived biochars produced at low heat treatment temperatures contained more lignin residues than grass-derived ones, probably due to the existence of high lignin content in the feedstock soures of wood-derived biochars. The results of the study would be useful for environmental application of biochars.
Key words：Biochar;Elemental analysis;X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy;13C nuclear magnetic resonance
徐东昱，金 洁，颜 钰，韩兰芳，康明洁，王子莹，赵 烨，孙 可* . X射线光电子能谱与13C核磁共振在生物质碳表征中的应用[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2014, 34(12): 3415-3418.
XU Dong-yu, JIN Jie, YAN Yu, HAN Lan-fang, KANG Ming-jie, WANG Zi-ying, ZHAO Ye, SUN Ke* . Characterization of Biochar by X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2014, 34(12): 3415-3418.
[1] Beesley L, Moreno-Jiménez E, Gomez-Eyles J L. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(12): 3269. [2] Uchimiya M, Wartelle L H, Thomas Klasson K. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2011, 59 (6): 2501. [3] Day D, Evans R J, Lee J W. Energy, 2005, 30(14): 2558. [4] Keiluweit M, Nico P S, Johnson M G. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(4): 1247. [5] Sun K, Jin J, Keiluweit M. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 118: 120. [6] Jiang T Y, Jiang J, Xu R K. Chemosphere, 2012, 89(3): 249. [7] Uchimiya M, Lima I M, Thomas Klasson K. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 2010, 58 (9): 5538. [8] Wang X L, Guo X Y, Yang Y. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45(6): 2124. [9] Yang Y, Shu L, Wang X L. Environmental Science & Technology, 2011, 45 (9): 3996. [10] GAO Bo, ZHOU Huai-dong, JIN Jie(高 博，周怀东，金 洁，等). Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis(光谱学与光谱分析)，2013, 33 (5): 1194. [11] Sun K, Kang M J, Zhang Z Y. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47(20): 11473. [12] Zhang G, Zhang Q, Sun K. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159(10): 2594. [13] Bardet M, Hediger S, Gerbaud G. Fuel, 2007, 86(12-13): 1966. [14] Nogueira M C J A, Tavares M I B, Nogueira J D S. Polymer, 2004, 45(4): 1217. [15] Sun K, Keiluweit M, Kleber M. Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(21): 9897.
