Monitoring the Thermal Plume from Coastal Nuclear Power Plant Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data: Modeling and Validation
ZHU Li1，2, ZHAO Li-min3*, WANG Qiao1，2, ZHANG Ai-ling4, WU Chuan-qing1，2, LI Jia-guo3, SHI Ji-xiang1，2，3
1. Environment Satellite Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100094, China 2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Satellite Remote Sensing，Beijing 100094, China 3. Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China 4. Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100082, China
Abstract：Thermal plume from coastal nuclear power plant is a small-scale human activity, mornitoring of which requires high-frequency and high-spatial remote sensing data. The infrared scanner (IRS), on board of HJ-1B, has an infrared channel IRS4 with 300 m and 4-days as its spatial and temporal resolution. Remote sensing data aquired using IRS4 is an available source for mornitoring thermal plume. Retrieval pattern for coastal sea surface temperature (SST) was built to monitor the thermal plume from nuclear power plant. The research area is located near Guangdong Daya Bay Nuclear Power Station (GNPS), where synchronized validations were also implemented. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) data was interpolated spatially and temporally. The interpolated data as well as surface weather conditions were subsequently employed into radiative transfer model for the atmospheric correction of IRS4 thermal image. A look-up-table (LUT) was built for the inversion between IRS4 channel radiance and radiometric temperature, and a fitted function was also built from the LUT data for the same purpose. The SST was finally retrieved based on those preprocessing procedures mentioned above. The bulk temperature (BT) of 84 samples distributed near GNPS was shipboard collected synchronically using salinity-temperature-deepness (CTD) instruments. The discrete sample data was surface interpolated and compared with the satellite retrieved SST. Results show that the average BT over the study area is 0.47 ℃ higher than the retrieved skin temperature (ST). For areas far away from outfall, the ST is higher than BT, with differences less than 1.0 ℃. The main driving force for temperature variations in these regions is solar radiation. For areas near outfall, on the contrary, the retrieved ST is lower than BT, and greater differences between the two (meaning >1.0 ℃) happen when it gets closer to the outfall. Unlike the former case, the convective heat transfer resulting from the thermal plume is the primary reason leading to the temperature variations. Temperature rising (TR) distributions obtained from remote sensing data and in-situ measurements are consistent, except that the interpolated BT shows more level details (>5 levels) than that of the ST (up to 4 levels). The areas with higher TR levels (>2) are larger on BT maps, while for lower TR levels (≤2), the two methods perform with no obvious differences. Minimal errors for satellite-derived SST occur regularly around local time 10 a.m. This makes the remote sensing results to be substitutes for in-situ measurements. Therefore, for operational applications of HJ-1B IRS4, remote sensing technique can be a practical approach to monitoring the nuclear plant thermal pollution around this time period.
Key words：Thermal plume;Remote sensing;Marine survey;HJ-1B;Daya Bay Plant
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