Research on the Spectral Analysis and Stability of Copper Green
LI Man1, WANG Li-qin1*, XIA Yin2，YANG Qiu-ying3
1. College of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069，China 2. Key Scientific Research Base of Ancient Polychrome Pottery Conservation, SACH, Emperor Qinshihuang’s Mausoleum Site Museum, Lintong 710600, China 3. Key Scientific Research Base of Masonry Relics Conservation, Research Institute of Shaanxi Cultural Relics Conservation, Xi’an 710075, China
Abstract：In the history of Chinese pigment, copper green, a pigment, was used in vast territory and for a long time. In the present paper, the nature, spectral characteristics, thermodynamic stability of the four isomers of the basic copper chlorides and also their application in the polychrome relics were discussed. The four isomers can be identified quickly by Raman spectral analysis which is a micro-damage or even a nondestructive technique. The order of their thermodynamic stability is as follows: clinoatacamite＞paratacamite＞atacamite＞botallackite. It was showed that in the relics samples copper green was mostly botallackite and atacamite which were less stable isomers. According to the Ostwald step rule, the environmental monitoring should be strengthened to prevent the change in their physical and chemical structures.
李 蔓1，王丽琴1*，夏 寅2，杨秋颖3 . 铜绿颜料的光谱分析及稳定性研究 [J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2013, 33(12): 3293-3297.
LI Man1, WANG Li-qin1*, XIA Yin2，YANG Qiu-ying3 . Research on the Spectral Analysis and Stability of Copper Green . SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2013, 33(12): 3293-3297.
[1] SU Bo-min，LI Zui-xiong，MA Zan-feng(苏伯民，李最雄，马赞峰). Dunhuang Research(敦煌研究)，2000，(1)：65. [2] WANG Jin-yu，WANG Jin-cong(王进玉，王进聪). Dunhuang Research(敦煌研究)，2002，(4)：23. [3] LEI Yong. Studies in Conservation，2012，57(2)：106. [4] XU Wei-ye，ZHOU Guo-xin，LI Yun-he(徐位业，周国信，李云鹤). Dunhuang Research(敦煌研究)，1983, (0)：187. [5] WANG Jun-hu，SONG Da-kang，LI Jun(王军虎，宋大康，李 军). Dunhuang Research(敦煌研究)，1993，(3)：87. [6] LI Zui-xiong(李最雄). Dunhuang Research(敦煌研究)，2002，(4)：11. [7] ZHOU Guo-xin(周国信). Archaeology(考古)，1991，(8)：744. [8] MA Qing-lin，ZHOU Guo-xin，CHENG Huai-wen，et al(马清林, 周国信, 程怀文，等). Archaeology(考古)，1996，(7)：80. [9] XIA Yin，WANG Wei-feng，LIU Lin-xi，et al(夏 寅，王伟峰，刘林西，等). Science of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学)，2011，23(2)：18. [10] FAN Juan，Christina Demeter，HE Lin(樊 娟，克里斯蒂娜·蒂美，贺 林). Dunhuang Research(敦煌研究)，1996，(1)：140. [11] WANG Jin-yu，LI Jun，TANG Jing-juan，et al(王进玉, 李 军, 唐静娟，等). Science of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学)，1993，5(2)：23. [12] Wayde M，Ray L，Frost P A. Neues Jahrbuchfür Mineralogie，2003，178(2)：197. [13] Dei L，Ahle A，Baglioni P. Stud. Conserv.，1998，(43)：80. [14] Fontana P，Fabbri G F，Boll S F. Chim. Ind. Bologna.，1957，(15)：109. [15] Naumova M M，Pisareva S A. Stud Conserv.，1994，(39)：277. [16] Reidderer J. Archaeometry，1974，(16)：9. [17] Liu Yan. Micro & Nano Letters，2011，6(10)：823. [18] Jambor J，Dutrizac J，Roberts A，et al. Can Mineral，1996，34：61. [19] Grice J，Szymanski J，Jambor J. Can Mineral，1996，34：73. [20] Parise J B，Hyde B G. Acta Crystallogr，1986，C42：1277. [21] Iitaka Y，Locchi S，Oswald H R. Helvetica Chimica Acta，1961，44：2095. [22] Fleet M E. Acta Crystallogr，1975，B31：183. [23] Moumouzias G，Ritzoulis G，Siapkas D，et al. Journal of Power Sources，2003，122(1)：57. [24] Bell I M，Clark R J H，Gibbs P J . Spectrochimica Acta Part A：Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy，1997，53(12)：2159. [25] Frost R L，Martens W，Kloprogge J T，et al. Raman Spectroscopy，2002，33(10)：801. [26] Castro K，Pe′rez A M，Rodri′guez L M D，et al. Anal. Bioanal. Chem.，2005，382：248 . [27] PENG Wen-shi，LIU Gao-kui(彭文世，刘高魁). Atlas of Mineral Infrared Spectral(矿物红外光谱图集). Beijing：Science Press(北京: 科学出版社)，1982. 91，94，146，153，154. [28] YANG Qiu-ying，QI Yang，FAN Bin-bin(杨秋颖，齐 杨，范宾宾). Journal of University of Kunming Science and Technolog (Edition of Science and Technology)(昆明理工大学学报·理工版)，2006，31(s)：80. [29] LI Tao，QIN Ying，LUO Wu-gan，et al(李 涛，秦 颍，罗武干，等). Non-ferrous Metals(有色金属)，2008，60(2)：146. [30] Fan Yuquan, Chen Xingguo, Li Zuixiong. Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Science)，2004，40(5)：52. [31] HAO Li-sheng，NAN Yan-qing(郝力生，南延青). Chemistry of University(大学化学)，2007，22(6)：54. [32] HAN De-gang，GAO Zhi-li，GAO Pan-liang(韩德刚，高执隶，高盘良). Physical Chemistry(物理化学)，Beijing: Higher Education Press(北京：高等教育出版社)，2001. 75. [33] YUE Hong(岳 红). Advanced Inorganic Chemistry(高等无机化学)，Beijing：China Machine Press(北京：机械工业出版社)，2002. 4. [34] Pollaro A M，Thomas R G，Williams P A. Mineralogical Magazine，1989，53：557. [35] Martens，Wayde N，Frost N J. Abhandlungen，2003，178(2)：197. [36] Tavassoli Z，Sear R P. Journal of Chemical Physics，2002，116(12)：1.
