黑果枸杞中矿物元素溶出特性研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2024)05-1307-05

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摘要：黑果枸杞，茄科枸杞属，富含多种矿物质元素，这对人体生长发育有重要的生物学作用。黑果枸杞作为一种药食同源的物质，为了解其营养价值、指导健康食用及进一步功能开发，有必要分析矿物质溶出特性，并进行相关性分析。黑果枸杞样品制备以硝酸和过氧化氢为消解酸，微波消解仪制备消解液，以不同温度纯水浸提制备浸泡液，试验建立了电感耦合等离子体光谱法测定消解液和浸泡液中K、Na、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Mn、Cu、Li、Sr十种矿物元素含量的实验方法，并进行了矿物元素溶出特性研究及相关性分析。在优化的光谱分析条件下，十种元素线性关系好（r＞0.999 5）、检出限低（<0.01 mg·L^-1）、准确度高、精密度好。加标回收率在97.2%～101.8%之间，相对标准偏差小于1.99%。实验发现，黑果枸杞中矿物元素含量丰富，含量最高的是K，其次是Na、Ca、Mg，然后是Fe、Li和Sr，含量较低的是Mn、Zn、Cu。黑果枸杞中K/Na值大于8，属于典型的高钾低钠食品。Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Li、Sr、Mn、Cu也是人体中多种酶、激素和维生素中不可缺少的活性因子，是一种理想的食品。黑果枸杞浸泡液中，除Li与Ca、Zn、Fe之间，Mg与Zn之间关系不明显外，其余元素间呈显著正相关或极显著正相关。表明，各矿物质元素中不存在明显的拮抗作用。矿物质元素的溶出率与浸泡时间及提取温度有关。实验采用沸水和40℃纯水浸泡黑果枸杞样品，选取浸提时间5、10和20 min三个时间点研究提取温度及时间对溶出率的影响。十种元素中K、Na、Zn溶出率最高，可能是因为三种元素多以离子形式存在，容易提取。Ca、Mg、Sr、Mn、Cu含量差异大，溶出率相近，可能是价态相近，提取效率相近。Li溶出率受提取温度影响很大，沸水浸泡溶出率是40 ℃温水的的1.5～2倍，Fe在微量元素中含量最高，溶出率却最低，主要是由于Fe与蛋白质结合，不易萃取。试验数据可为健康食用黑果枸杞及进一步开发利用提供理论参考。

关键词：矿物元素；溶出性；黑果枸杞；等离子体发射光谱法；微波消解

Abstract：Lycium ruthenicum Murray (Solanaceae Lycium) is rich in various mineral elements, which have extremely important biological effects on the growth and development of human beings. Lycium ruthenicum Murray is a homologous substance used in medicine and food. It is necessary to analyze its dissolution characteristics and correlation analysis to understand its nutritional value and seek healthy diet guidance and further utilization. In this study, Lycium ruthenicum Murray was pretreated using the microwave digestion method and the pure water extraction method. Digestion solutions were prepared using a microwave digestion apparatus using nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide as digestion acid. Soaking solutions were prepared with pure water at different temperatures. Contents of mineral elements, including K, Na, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Li and Sr, were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and the dissolution characteristics and correlation analysis of mineral elements were studied then. Under the optimal working conditions of microwave digestion and the spectrometer, a good linear relationship (r>0.999 5), lower detection limit (LOD<0.01 mg·L^-1), and high accuracy and precision were obtained. Recovery rates of the elements were between 97.2% and 101.8%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 1.99%. The results showed that beneficial mineral elements are rich in Lycium ruthenicum Murray. It is high in K, followed by Na, Ca and Mg, then Fe, Li and Sr, and lower in Mn, Zn and Cu. The K/Na value in Lycium ruthenicum Murray is greater than 8. Moreover, it proved that Lycium ruthenicum Murray is a typical food with high potassium and low sodium. Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, Li, Sr, Mn and Cu are also important components of various enzymes, hormones and vitamins in the human body. Lycium ruthenicum Murray is certified as an ideal food. Li content is not obviously correlated with Ca, Zn, and Fe content in the soaking solutions. Mg content is not obviously correlated with Zn content. Besides, other correlations between one content and another were significantly positive or extremely significant positive. It showed that there was no obvious antagonism in the mineral elements. The dissolved amount of minerals in the soaking solutions increased with the brewing time and brewing temperature. The extraction temperature of 40℃ and boiling water, and extraction time of 5, 10 and 20 min were selected to study the influence of extraction temperature and time on the dissolution rate. K, Na and Zn have the highest dissolution rates among the then elements. Although contents of Ca, Mg, Sr, Mn and Cu vary greatly from each other, the dissolution rates are similar, which may be due to the same valence states and the similar extraction efficiency. The dissolution rate of Li is greatly affected by the extraction temperature, and the dissolution rate in boiling water is 1.5~2 times that in 40 ℃ water with different extraction duration. The content of Fe in trace elements is the highest, but the dissolution rate is the lowest, mainly because Fe is combined with proteins and is difficult to extract. The study could provide reliable evidence for a healthy diet and the further utilization of Lycium ruthenicum Murray.

Key words：Mineral elements; Dissolution characteristics; Lycium ruthenicum Murray; Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry; Microwave digestion

收稿日期: 2022-10-13 修订日期: 2023-04-12

中图分类号:

O657.3

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目（41302190），中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所基本科研业务费项目（SK202004）资助

通讯作者: 韩梅 E-mail: hanmei@mail.cgs.gov.cn

作者简介: 张辰凌，女，1986年生，中国地质科学院水文地质环境地质研究所高级工程师 e-mail: zhangchenling2011@126.com

引用本文:

张辰凌，韩梅，刘佳，贾娜，刘冰冰，张永涛. 黑果枸杞中矿物元素溶出特性研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2024, 44(05): 1307-1311.
ZHANG Chen-ling, HAN Mei, LIU Jia, JIA Na, LIU Bing-bing, ZHANG Yong-tao. Determination of Mineral Elements and Dissolution Characteristics in Lycium Ruthenicum Murray. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2024, 44(05): 1307-1311.

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https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2024)05-1307-05 或 https://www.gpxygpfx.com/CN/Y2024/V44/I05/1307

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