Analysis of Color Paint for Moyan Stone Carvings in Shuining Temple in Bazhong
SUN Feng1, 2, WANG Ruo-su2, LIANG Ya-xin2, LIU Jia-ru2, YAO Xue3, ZHAO Fan4
1. Key Laboratory of Cultural Heritage Research and Conservation, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
2. School of Cultural Heritage，Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
3. College of Tourism and History and Culture, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu 610041, China
4. Sichuan Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, Chengdu 610041, China
Abstract：Shuining Temple in Bazhong is famous for its wide range of themes, diverse forms and exquisite carving. However, the wet environment, unstable cliff body and the semi-open preservation environment caused serious damage to the stone carvings of Shuining Temple, which affected the artistry of the stone carvings. Therefore, the protection and restoration work of the cliff statues of Shuining Temple is extremely urgent. In this paper, through the analysis of the pigments for the stone carvings in Shuining Temple, the information of the pigment is obtained, which, on the one hand, provides a scientific basis for the restoration of the pigments, and on the other hand, is conducive to the targeted protection of cultural relic workers, which is of great significance for the protection of cultural relics. This paper used superdepth three-dimensional video microanalysis, X-ray fluorescence spectrum analysis (XRF), X-ray diffraction experiment analysis (XRD) and laser Raman spectrum analysis to comprehensively analyze the main composition minerals of shuining Temple moyan pigment from the appearance, structure and composition of the material. The results showed that the main mineral of sample No.1 was yellow ochre, sample No.2 was leaden, sample No.3 was celadon, sample No.4 was lead sulfate, sample No.5 was lapis lazuli, sample No.6 was goethite, and dihydrite was the white powder layer under the pigment layer. Due to the long-term exposure of the statues to the damp and semi-open environments, a few pigments could not be directly detected as standard substances, so secondary analysis should be conducted according to relevant data. For example, the main component of yellow ochre detected due to long-term weathering was Fe2O3. K2PbO2 and PbO2 were decomposed under the environmental conditions of moisture and microbial presence. Goethite is produced by a chemical reaction of hematite or pyrite. In addition, by comparing the synthetic time of artificial lapis lazuli with the excavation age of the statue, and by detecting the element Fe, which implies that pyrite is the main component of Venus in natural lapis lazuli, we can judge that the pigment of this sample is made of natural lapis lazuli, which enriches the use cases of natural lapis lazuli.
Key words：Shuining Temple Grottoes; Coloured drawing pigments; Analysis and research
孙 凤，王若苏，梁雅鑫，刘伽如，姚 雪，赵 凡. 巴中水宁寺摩岩石刻的彩绘颜料分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2022, 42(02): 505-511.
SUN Feng, WANG Ruo-su, LIANG Ya-xin, LIU Jia-ru, YAO Xue, ZHAO Fan. Analysis of Color Paint for Moyan Stone Carvings in Shuining Temple in Bazhong. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2022, 42(02): 505-511.
[1] LI Ying-liang, YE Mei, WANG Li-dan, et al(李英亮, 叶 梅, 王力丹, 等). Scientific Research on Chinese Cultural Relics(中国文物科学研究), 2012, (4): 78.
[2] JIA Jian-ye, LIU Jian-chao(贾建业，刘建朝). Geology of Shaanxi(陕西地质)，1993，(1)：72.
[3] WANG Li-qin, ZHOU Wen-hui, ZHAO Jing(王丽琴, 周文晖, 赵 静). Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学), 2007, (4): 1.
[4] XIA Yin, GUO Hong, WANG Jin-hua, et al(夏 寅, 郭 宏, 王金华，等). Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学), 2007, (2): 41.
[5] WANG Li-qin, FAN Xiao-lei, WANG Zhan(王丽琴, 樊晓蕾, 王 展). XIBU KAOGU(西部考古), 2008, (3): 285.
[6] WANG Jin-yu, LI Jun, TANG Jing-juan, et al(王进玉, 李 军, 唐静娟, 等). Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学), 1993, (2): 23.
[7] Liu Zhaojun, Han Yunxia, Han Ligang. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 2013, 109: 42.
[8] LI Shu-han, ZHU Tie-quan(李舒涵, 朱铁权). Journal of Tibet University(西藏大学学报), 2015, 30(2): 47.
[9] JIANG Kai-yun, SUN Yan-zhong, ZHANG Zhi-xia(姜凯云, 孙延忠, 张志霞). Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学), 2020, 32(1): 98.
[10] SUN Yan-zhong, JIANG Kai-yun, ZHANG Ning(孙延忠, 姜凯云, 张 宁). Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学), 2019, 31(2): 77.
[11] ZHOU Guo-xin(周国信). Coating Industry(涂料工业), 1990, (4): 43.
[12] WANG Ji-ying, WEI Ling, LIU Zhao-jun(王继英, 魏 凌, 刘照军). The Journal of Light Scattering(光散射学报), 2012, 24(1): 86.
[13] ZHOU Guo-xin(周国信). Archaeological(考古), 1991, (8): 744.
[14] LIU Zhao-jun, HAN Yun-xia, YANG Rui, et al(刘照军, 韩运侠, 杨 蕊, 等). China Laser(中国激光), 2013, 40(6): 309.
[15] YAN Jing, ZHAO Xi-chen, LIANG Jia-fang, et al(严 静, 赵西晨, 梁嘉放, 等). Relics and Museology(文博), 2016, (1): 93.
[16] ZHOU Zhi-bo, YANG Jie, GAO Yu-min(周智波, 杨 杰, 高愚民). Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学), 2019, 31(4): 109.
[17] YANG Jin-song, GUO Hong, CHEN Kun-long, et al(杨晋松, 郭 宏, 陈坤龙, 等). Scientific Research on Chinese Cultural Relics(中国文物科学研究), 2016, (2): 64.
[18] HE Qiu-ju, LI Tao, SHI Ji-long, et al(何秋菊, 李 涛, 施继龙, 等). Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology(文物保护与考古科学), 2010, 22(3): 61.
[19] LEI Yong, WEN Ming, CHENG Xiao-lin(雷 勇, 文 明, 成小林). Palace Museum Journal(故宫博物院院刊), 2012, (2): 133.
[20] WANG Jin-yun(王进玉). Dunhuang Studies(敦煌研究), 2000, (1): 76.
[21] QIAN Wei-ji(钱伟吉). Quality and Standardization(质量与标准化), 2019, (12): 30.
