基于荧光光谱技术研究增效肥料对土壤富里酸荧光特性的影响

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2021)05-1360-07

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摘要：为探讨施用增效肥料后对土壤富里酸(FA)荧光特性及腐殖化程度的影响，在黑龙江省黑河市嫩江县和爱辉区两个试验区采取相同施肥处理，设置5个处理组：平衡施肥(NE)、平衡施肥减量25%(CK) 、平衡施肥减量25%+纳米碳增效剂(T1)、平衡施肥减量25%+沸石增效剂(T2)、平衡施肥减量25%+生物炭增效剂(T3)，分析土壤中FA荧光光谱特性的变化情况。三维荧光区域积分（FRI）方法不同肥料处理区域F_max相对含量的变化表明，施用增效肥料可以提高土壤腐殖化程度，其中T2＞T1＞T3＞NE＞CK，沸石增效处理对于提高土壤腐殖化程度、提高土壤的供肥水平表现最为显著，其在嫩江试验区的可见荧光FA区域Ⅴ与紫外荧光FA区域Ⅲ所对应的物质相对含量的比值（P_Ⅴ，n/P_Ⅲ，n）较CK处理提高了5.81%，根据平行因子分析方法将土壤FA分为C1组分和C2组分，其中C2组分与C1组分F_max的比值（C2/C1）较CK处理提高了22.09%；在爱辉试验区的P_Ⅴ，n/P_Ⅲ，n较CK处理提高了4.65%，C2/C1较CK处理提高了20.93%；根据平行因子分析（PARAFAC）结果，各处理土壤FA可分为C1和C2两个组分，C1组分为类富里酸(Ex/Em=230 nm, 320/410 nm)，C2组分为类胡敏酸(Ex/Em=265/465 nm)，施用三种增效肥料均可以提高土壤的供肥能力，其中NE＞T2＞T1＞T3＞CK。与CK处理相比，T1，T2和T3三个增效处理中，T2增效处理的提升作用最为明显，采用沸石作为肥料增效剂对于土壤FA的积极作用要优于纳米碳和生物炭，因此长期施用沸石增效肥料可有效提高土壤供肥能力，能够改善土壤生态环境。

关键词：增效肥料；富里酸；腐殖化；三维荧光光谱；平行因子分析

Abstract：To elucidate the effect of synergistic fertilizers amendment on the flurorescence characteristics and humification degree of fulvic acid in soil, field trials were conducted in Nenjiang county and Aihui district of Heihe city, respectively. Totally, there were five treatments: (1) balanced fertilization (NE); (2) 25% reduction in balanced fertilization (CK), (3) 25% reduction in balanced fertilization combined with nano-carbon synergist (T1), (4) 25% reduction in balanced fertilization combined with zeolite synergist (T2); (5) 25% reduction in balanced fertilization combined with biochar synergist (T3). Three-dimensional fluorescence region interal (FRI) method was used to determine the change of relative F_max content among treatments. The application of synergistic fertilizers greatly improved the soil humification degree and exhibited the following pattern: T2>T1>T3>NE>CK. T2 treatment showed the highest soil humification degree and nutrient-supply capability. Especially, the ratio of relative content of the visible fluorescent FA region Ⅴ and ultraviolet fluorescent FA region Ⅲ (P_Ⅴ，n/P_Ⅲ，n) in T2 treatment was improved by 5.81% in Nenjiang county, and was improved by 4.65% in Aihui District as compared with CK. Soil FA was divided into C1 and C2 component using the parallel factor analysis. The F_max ratio of C2 to C1 component in T2 treatment was improved by 22.09% in Nenjiang County, while was improved by 20.93% in Aihui District as compared with CK. The C2 component exhibited more complex structure and higher condensation than C1 component. The application of synergistic fertilizers improved the proportion of C2 component in FA and exhibited the following pattern: NE＞T2＞T1＞T3＞CK, indicating enhanced soil nutrient-supply capabilities by synergistic fertilizers. Overall, this study indicated that the T2 treatment significantly enhanced soil humification degree as compared with CK, and its positive effect on soil FA was superior to nano-carbon and biochar synergists. Therefore, the application of zeolite synergist would effectively improve soil nutrient-supply capability and ameliorate soil ecological conditions.

Key words：Synergistic fertilizer; Fulvic acid; Three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum; Humification; Parallel factor analysis

收稿日期: 2020-06-04 修订日期: 2020-09-08

中图分类号:

S143

基金资助: 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0201001，2019YFD1100304-03），黑龙江省农业科学院科研项目（2019CGJL007），黑龙江省肥料工程技术研究中心能力提升项目（ZY18A04），农林复合体系模式研究与示范项目（KJCX20200601），农用生物质废弃物降解菌群快速启动及发酵参数调控项目（KJCX20190408）资助

通讯作者: 魏丹 E-mail: wd2087@163.com

作者简介: 胡钰，1995年生，东北农业大学资源与环境学院硕士研究生 e-mail: HuYu0805@126.com

引用本文:

胡钰，魏丹，李艳，王伟，白杨，金梁，蔡姗姗. 基于荧光光谱技术研究增效肥料对土壤富里酸荧光特性的影响[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2021, 41(05): 1360-1366.
HU Yu, WEI Dan, LI Yan, WANG Wei, BAI Yang, JIN Liang, CAI Shan-shan. Impact of Synergistic Fertilizer on the Flurorescence Characteristics of Soil Fulvic Acid Based on the Flurorescence Spectroscopy Technique. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2021, 41(05): 1360-1366.

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