Two-Dimensional Perturbation Correlation Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis of Animal Manure Biochar
GUI Xiang-yang1,2, LIU Chen3, XU Ji-hong1, DUAN Fang-lei1, FANG Shu-wei1, LI Fei-yue1*
1. College of Resource and Environment, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China
2. China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
3. School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
Abstract：More attention has been paid to biochar which has been hot research area as a novel environmental functional material due to its special structure and physicochemical properties, it has multiple environmental benefits such as pollution remediation, soil improvement, carbon sequestration and emission reduction. The physicochemical properties of biochar were determined by the types and distribution of surface functional groups. Pyrolysis temperature and material type are two important factors affecting functional groups of biochar. In this article, animal manure biochars were prepared under different temperature from 200 ℃ to 700 ℃ with the materials of chicken manure, dairy manure and pig manure. On the basis of traditional one-dimensional infrared spectrum analysis, the change tendency of functional groups of animal manure biochars with the increase of pyrolysis temperature was revealed using the method of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) combined with two-dimensional correlation analysis, providing a theoretical basis for better research on structure-activity relationship of biochar. The results showed that with the increase of pyrolysis temperature, Which variations mainly existed in the unceasing weakening of alcohols and phenols —OH peak and aliphatic —CH2 peak of manure biochar, among which the changes of chicken manure were the most obvious. Furthermore, the changing intensity of —OH was higher than —CH2 and was removed before —CH2 in the range of 3 600～2 800 cm-1. The number of auto-peaks was 6, 5, 6 respectively in the two-dimensional perturbation correlation infrared spectroscopy of chicken, dairy and pig manure biochar. The changing intensity of each auto-peak was (chicken manure biochar) aromatic C═C＞C═O＞Si—O/C—O＞P—O/C—H; (dairy manure biochar) C═O＞C═C and P—O/C—H＞C—OH, C—O/Si—O; (pig manure biochar) C═O＞C═C＞COO-＞Carboxylic C—OH＞P—O/C—H═C—O/Si—O. The groups of C═O and C═C broke and reconstituted, and C═O broke ahead of C═C. However, there were differences in the functional groups of different animal manure biochars, mainly the change of C—O/Si—O was prior to P—O/C—H in chicken manure biochar, while P—O/C—H in dairy manure biochar changed earlier than C—O/Si—O, and C—O/Si—O and P—O/C—H in pig manure biochar occurred simultaneously in the range of 1 800～800 cm-1.
[1] WANG Tie-ling(王铁灵). China Animal Industry(中国畜牧业), 2016，(21): 38.
[2] Cantrell K B, Hunt P G, Uchimiya M, et al. Bioresource Technology, 2012, 107(2): 419.
[3] Jiang Z Y, Yin W, Sui-Cheng H E. Phosphate & Compound Fertilizer, 2008, 23(4): 37.
[4] ZHANG Tian, BU Mei-dong, GENG Wei(张 田，卜美东，耿 维). Chinese Journal of Ecology(生态学杂志), 2012, 31(5): 1241.
[5] Ro K S, Cantrell K B, Hunt P G. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 2010, 49(20): 10125.
[6] Arif M, Ali K, Jan M T, et al. Field Crops Research, 2016, 195: 28.
[7] Tang J, Li X, Luo Y, et al. Chemosphere, 2016, 152: 399.
[8] LI Fei-yue, TAO Jin-guo, WANG Jian-fei, et al(李飞跃, 陶进国, 汪建飞, 等). Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering(环境工程学报), 2017, (6): 390.
[9] LI Fei-yue, WANG Jian-fei, XIE Yue，et al(李飞跃, 汪建飞, 谢 越, 等). Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报), 2015, 31(4): 266.
[10] LIU Biao, DONG Ya-bin, HE Tao, et al(刘 标, 董亚斌, 何 涛，等). Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报), 2016, 32(10): 232.
[11] Noda I. Vibrational Spectroscopy, 2012, 60(5): 146.
[12] Noda I. Journal of Molecular Structure, 2006, 799(1): 2.
[13] Chen H, Lin G, Wang X, et al. Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, 2016, 8(1): 013112.
[14] Chen Y, Liu B, Yang H, et al. Fuel, 2014, 137: 41.
[15] Keiluweit M, Nico P S, Johnson M G, et al. Environmental Science & Technology, 2010, 44(4): 1247.
[16] Yang H, Yan R, Chen H, et al. Fuel, 2007, 86(12): 1781.
[17] YU Zi-xuan, YANG Jing-jing, WANG Yu-yan，et al(于子旋, 杨静静, 王语嫣, 等). Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报), 2016, 27(6): 2015.
[18] Meng J, Feng X, Dai Z, et al. Environmental Science & Pollution Research International, 2014, 21(11): 7035.
[19] Xin S, Yang H, Chen Y, et al. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 2015, (16): 263.
[20] Harvey O R, Herbert B E, Kuo L J, et al. Environmental Science & Technology, 2012, 46(19): 10641.
[21] XIAO He-lan, SUN Su-qin, ZHOU Qun，et al(肖和兰, 孙素琴, 周 群, 等). Journal of Atomic and Molecular Physics(原子与分子物理学报), 2003, 20(2): 211.
[22] Jiang W, Saxena A, Song B, et al. Langmuir, 2004, 20(26): 11433.
