可见-近红外光谱原位估测土壤有机质含量中测试点和采样位置导致的误差分析

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2020)11-3499-09

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摘要：由于土壤的非均质性，同一样品的多个光谱测试点位置之间以及同一土壤发生层的多个样品之间，均存在着不同程度的光谱差异，进而导致光谱估测的土壤属性具有误差。截至目前，还没有揭示这种误差的研究报道。在我国南方典型丘陵区林地的小区内，用环刀重复2次采集了80个土壤剖面发生层和38个土壤表层的样品，再分别用原位光谱法和传统实验室方法测定土壤有机质含量，从而分析因光谱测试点和样品采集位置不同导致的土壤有机质含量估测误差。结果表明：每个样品在共计18个测试点位置上的光谱差异为0.12°～8.13°，均值为1.55°；在共计2个重复采样位置之间的光谱差异为0.18°～3.65°，均值为0.88°。因测试点和采样位置不同导致的土壤有机质估测误差用标准偏差表示，分别为0.92～14.66和0.005 7～11.46 g·kg^-1，占实测有机质的3.8%～428%和0.017%～92%。同时，这两种误差会随着实测有机质值含量的增大而增加。并且，测试点位置不同导致的误差比偏最小二乘回归模型所导致的误差还要大。研究认为，今后的研究中需注意测试点和采样位置不同引起的误差，尤其是有机质含量较高的土壤。

关键词：可见-近红外光谱；土壤有机质；偏最小二乘回归；光谱差异分析；误差分析

Abstract：Due to the heterogeneity of soil, there are spectral differences between different measurement positions of a soil sample and among different samples of a soil genetic layer. As a result, an estimated value of a soil property using in situ spectra of soil inevitably has errors. However, these errors have not been revealed so far. In this paper, 80 soil profiles and 38 soil surface samples were collected twice with cutting ring from a small area of woodland in typical hilly areas in southern China. Then, the soil organic matter content was measured by in-situ spectrometry and traditional laboratory method, so as to analyze the estimation error of soil organic matter content caused by different spectral test points and sampling locations. The results show that, the spectral difference of each sample at a total of 18 test points ranges from 0.12° to 8.13°, with an average value of 1.55°. The spectral difference between two repeated sampling locations of each sample is 0.18°~3.65°, with an average value of 0.88°. The estimated error of soil organic matter due to the different positions of test points was 0.92~14.66 g·kg^-1, accounting for 3.8%~428% of the measured organic matter content. The estimation error of soil organic matter caused by different sampling locations is 0.005 7~11.46 g·kg^-1, accounting for 0.017%~92% of the measured organic matter. Moreover, the error caused by the former is larger than that caused by the partial least squares regression model used in this paper, while the error caused by the latter is slightly smaller than that caused by this model. In addition, it is found that these two errors increase with the increase of measured organic matter content. Hence, this paper argues that the errors caused by different test points and sampling locations should be paid attention to in future studies, especially in soils with higher organic matter content, and calls for research on more effective methods to reduce these errors.

Key words：Visible-near infrared spectrum; Soil organic matter; Partial least squares regression; Spectral difference analysis; The error analysis

收稿日期: 2019-11-13 修订日期: 2020-04-07

中图分类号:

O433.4

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目（41771246），土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室基金项目（Y20160004）资助

通讯作者: 孙孝林 E-mail: sun_xiaolin@yahoo.com

作者简介: 张昊丹，1993年生，中山大学地理科学与规划学院硕士研究生 e-mail：zhanghd25@mail2.sysu.edu.cn

引用本文:

张昊丹，孙孝林，王晓晴，王会利. 可见-近红外光谱原位估测土壤有机质含量中测试点和采样位置导致的误差分析[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(11): 3499-3507.
ZHANG Hao-dan，SUN Xiao-lin，WANG Xiao-qing，WANG Hui-li. Analyzing Errors due to Measurement Positions and Sampling Locations for In Situ Measurements of Soil Organic Matter Using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2020, 40(11): 3499-3507.

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