水下湿法焊接引弧过程等离子体温度及电子数密度研究

doi:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2020)11-3404-05

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摘要：水下湿法焊接技术近年来得到了广泛应用，但缺乏对其机理方面的研究，利用光谱分析的方法对水下湿法焊接引弧过程的电弧等离子体温度和电子数密度进行了研究。首先搭建了水下湿法焊接电弧光谱诊断平台，对焊接过程中的电流电压及光谱信号进行了同步采集，根据电流电压信号的数据对水下湿法焊接引弧过程进行了界定。在此基础上，通过光谱仪的延时功能分别采集了引弧5，10，15，20及25 ms的光谱信号，对采集的光谱信号进行分析，标定了计算等离子体温度及电子数密度所需要的Fe元素谱线和H元素谱线，为了保证计算结果的准确性和可靠性，引弧不同时刻均选取了五组数据，运用统计分析的方法对五组数据作平均化处理，在标定的Fe元素谱线中选取了五条合适的谱线，利用玻尔兹曼图示法分别计算了引弧不同时刻的水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体温度，同时，根据光谱仪检测到的氢元素的α谱线，结合等离子体发射光谱的斯塔克谱线展宽理论，计算了水下湿法焊接引弧不同时刻的电子数密度。计算结果表明：在引弧的不同时刻，水下湿法焊接电弧等离子体温度变化呈现不同的特点，在引弧5和20 ms温度值分别出现峰值，到最后稳弧时刻温度值达到4 414 K；电子数密度在引弧不同时刻也不同，同样在引弧5和20 ms出现峰值，在出现峰值点的时刻，电流同样出现峰值。电弧等离子体温度和电子数密度在引弧不同时刻的变化趋势，验证了电弧的形成伴随着空间间隙被击穿的过程，其计算结果可以为进一步从电弧物理的角度探寻水下湿法焊接引弧过程的物理本质，引导并寻求更有效的引弧方法提供重要参考。

关键词：水下湿法焊接；电弧光谱诊断；引弧；等离子体温度；电子数密度

Abstract：Underwater wet welding technology has been widely used in recent years, however, there is a lack of research on its mechanism. In this paper, the plasma temperature and electron density of the arc-inducing process of underwater wet welding are studied by means of spectral analysis. Firstly, the underwater wet welding arc spectrum diagnostic platform was built, and the current, voltage and spectral signals in the welding process were collected synchronously. The arc strike process is defined based on the analyzed current and voltage signal data. On this basis, the spectral signals of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ms are collected by the time delay recording function of the spectrometer. The Fe element line and the H element line required to calculate the plasma temperature and ionization density are calibrated. In order to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the calculation results, five sets of data were selected at different times of the arcing, and the five sets of data were averaged. Five suitable spectral lines were selected in the calibrated Fe element line, and the underwater wet welding arc plasma temperature at different times of the arcing was calculated by Boltzmann diagram method. According to the H_α spectrum detected by the spectrometer, combined with the Stark line broadening theory of plasma emission spectroscopy, the electron number density at different moments of underwater wet welding arc is calculated. The calculation results show that the temperature changes of underwater wet welding arc plasma show different characteristics at different moments of arc ignition，In the arcing 5 and 20 ms respectively, the temperature values appear peak respectively, and the temperature value reaches 4 414 K at the last steady arc time. The electron number density also differs at different times of the arcing, and also peaks at 5 and 20 ms. The changing trend of arc plasma temperature and electron number density at different timings of arc ignition verified the formation of arc accompanied by the breakdown of space gap. The calculation results can further explore the physical nature of underwater wet welding arc-ignition process from the perspective of arc physics, and provide an important reference for guiding and seeking more effective arc-ignition methods.

Key words：Underwater wet welding; Arc spectroscopy; Arc ignition; Plasma temperature; Electron number density

收稿日期: 2019-09-17 修订日期: 2020-01-15

中图分类号:

TG115

基金资助: 国家自然科学基金项目（51665016）资助

作者简介: 李志刚，1971年生，华东交通大学载运工具与装备教育部重点实验室副教授 e-mail：gordon7456@163.com

引用本文:

李志刚，徐翔，李洋，黄卫. 水下湿法焊接引弧过程等离子体温度及电子数密度研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2020, 40(11): 3404-3408.
LI Zhi-gang, XU Xiang, LI Yang, HUANG Wei. Study on Plasma Temperature and Electron Density During Arc Initiation by Underwater Wet Welding. SPECTROSCOPY AND SPECTRAL ANALYSIS, 2020, 40(11): 3404-3408.

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